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The reasons for using advanced operating systems, focusing on distributed systems. It covers the characteristics of distributed systems, including resource sharing, concurrency, scalability, openness, fault tolerance, and transparency. Three real-world examples of distributed systems - the internet/world-wide web, bittorrent, and uber - are explained in detail.
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HADIA NAYYER MS(CS&IT)- EVENING Roll No # CT- 013 ASSIGNMENT # 1 ADVANCED OPERATING SYSTEM a) Write down the reasons due to which advanced operating systems are required. Give few examples. Advanced operating systems are required because traditional multitasking operating systems are mostly used at the user end or work on particular workstation. Conventional operating systems are unable to provide high-speed computing so In Advanced operating systems; Multiprocessor systems and distributed systems have been adopted for performance reasons. The Advanced operating system is categorized on the following basis:
Multiprocessor Operating Systems A Multiprocessor system is a tightly coupled system where processors share an address space, common clock, share over an interconnection network Multiprocessor Operating System design issues the same as traditional systems. Multiprocessor Operating System practical issues are: ▪ Increased complexity of synchronization ▪ Scheduling ▪ Memory management ▪ Protection and security Application Driven Database Operating Systems Databases place special requirements on the Operating System. It must support ▪ The concept of transaction ▪ Operations to store, retrieve and manipulate data efficiently ▪ Primitives for concurrency control ▪ And system failure recovery ▪ Concurrency control is one of the most challenging problems in the design of database operating systems Real-time Operating Systems ▪ Place application-specific special requirements on an operating system. ▪ Policies and mechanisms are geared to ensuring jobs meet their deadlines. ▪ Problem is one of resource scheduling and overall system utilization
In a distributed system hardware, software, network anything can fail. The system must be designed in such a way that it is available all the time even after something has failed. Transparency Distributed systems should be perceived by users and application programmers as a whole rather than as a collection of cooperating components. Transparency can be of various types like access, location, concurrency, replication, etc. Example of Distributed System We Use Are: