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An in-depth exploration of various pathophysiological concepts, including iatrogenic diseases, epidemiology, cellular changes, and necrosis. Topics covered include the differences between atrophy and hypertrophy, the role of cytokinesis in cell division, and the effects of hypoxia on pumps and protein synthesis. Additionally, this text discusses the mechanisms of liquefactive, coagulative, caseous, and gangrenous necrosis, as well as the role of osmosis and hydrostatic pressure in water movement between intravascular and interstitial spaces.
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Iatrogenic - disease caused by human intervention endemic - disease native to local region epidemic - many people affected in a given area epidemiology - how the disease occurs and spreads through an area diseases more frequent in women - MS, osteoporosis diseases more frequent in men - gout, Parkinson's disease atrophy - decrease in cell size hypertrophy - increase in cell size hyperplasia - increase in number of normal cells
dysplasia - increase in number of atypical cells anaplasia - increase in number of abnormal cells metaplasia - change/replacement to a different mature cell type diffusion - movement of solutes from high to low osmosis - movement of water from high to low cytokinesis - 2nd step in reproduction, dividing the cytoplasm (growth factor) what occurs to pumps during hypoxia - Decreased ATP production--> K+/Na+ pump and Na+/Ca2+ pump to fail --> K+ out --> ER dilates --> ribosome detach --> decreased protein synthesis liquefactive necrosis - hypoxia to nerve cells and the brain coagulative necrosis - hypoxia from chemical exposure or ischemia