Affective Computing - Embedded Intelligent Robotics - Lecture Slides, Slides of Robotics

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Affective Computing

Picard (1997)

• Affective Computing: Computing that relates to, arises from, or deliberately influences emotions (p.3)
• Recognise emotions
• Express emotions
• ‘Have’ emotions

Artificial Intelligence?

• AI is like Elliot
• Turing Test (1950; French 2000)
• Jabberwacky.com
• Emotion is required for artificial intelligence (Hofstadter, 1981)
• Emotional Intelligence?

Affective communication

• Social rules extended to computers
• Media Equation (Reeves and Nass, 1996)
• Anthropomorphism
• Mechanomorphism

Criteria for recognition

• Input
• Pattern recognition
• Reasoning
  • Learning
  • Bias
  • Output

Express emotions

• Kismet (Breazeal and Scassellati, 2002)
• Emotional expression for communication and social co-ordination
• Emotion for organisation of behaviour (action selection, attention and learning)
• Arbib and Fellous (2004)

• More effective expression than humans
• Human expression identified 50% of the time
• Computer expression identified 70% of the time
• (Elliott, 1997)
• Computers having non-human emotion?

Criteria for expression

• Input
• Intentional vs. spontaneous pathways
• Feedback
  • Bias exclusion
  • Social display rules
  • Output

Criteria for having emotions

• System has behaviour that appears to arise from emotions
• System has fast ‘primary’ emotional responses to certain inputs
• System can cognitively generate emotions
• System can have emotional experience
• System’s emotions interact with other processes (e.g. memory)

Do computers need bodies to

have emotions?

• Robot emotions? Arbib (2005)
• Recognition of own emotion
• Recognition of other computer’s emotions
• Consciousness?
• Real or simulation?
• Sci Fi: 2001!

Interacting with Computers

Special Issue (2002, 14(2)) Affective Computing

Scheirer et al. (2002)

• Frustration
• Slow computer game
• Mouse clicking behaviour