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ASSIGNMENT 2 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 1: Programming Submission date Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name HOANG^ GIA^ BINH^ Student ID BD Class SE07202^ Assessor name VO^ DUC^ HOANG Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. Student’s signature Grading grid P3 P4 P5 P6 M2 M3 M4 D2 D3 D
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
First of all, I would like to thank my mentor Nguyen Hoang Anh Vu for his constant support in my studies and research, for his patience, motivation, enthusiasm and rich knowledge. His guidance has helped me throughout the time of studying and writing this thesis. Without your wonderful help, I would not have been able to achieve this. In addition to my mentor, I would like to thank my friends who have helped me improve my knowledge of my subject. Not only that, they are always there to support me when I need it. And besides, I would like to thank the school for creating all conditions for me to have adequate facilities to help me complete my work. Last but not least, I would like to thank my family: my parents Hoang Van Son and Truong Thi Hong Song , who gave birth to me from the beginning and supported me spiritually. They are always behind to care and help me have more motivation to complete the work well.
ASSURANCE
I declare that this is my work, based on my research, and that I have recognized all materials and sources utilized in its production, including books, papers, reports, lecture notes, and any other type of document, electronic or personal communication. I further declare that I have not previously submitted this assignment for assessment in any other unit, except where explicit permission has been granted by all unit coordinators involved, or at any other time in this unit, and that I have not duplicated or stolen ideas from the work of others in any way. Signature of the student: Date: I verify that the work I've submitted for this assignment is all my own, and that all research sources have been properly credited. Declaration of the learner
CHAPTER 1: ALGORITHMS, ISSUES RELATED TO ALGORITHMS AND BASIC PROGRAMMING
Define basic algorithms to carry out an operation and outline the process of programming an application. (LO1)
1. Provide a definition of what an algorithm is and outline the process in building an application. (P1) 1.1 Define Algorithms :
- An algorithm is a set of commands that must be followed for a computer to perform calculations or other problem-solving operations.According to its formal definition, an algorithm is a finite set of instructions carried out in a specific order to perform a particular task. It is not the entire program or code; it is simple logic to a problem represented as an informal description in the form of a flowchart or pseudocode. An algorithm:
- Is a method or technique that is used to solve a problem. It works by having your computer do a series of predefined actions that define how to accomplish something, and your computer will execute it exactly the same way every time. Figure 1 : Algorithms
Figure 4: Add a sufficient amount of water to cook
Step 4 : Add the rice and water to the pot, cover turn on the cooking button. Cooking time depends on the type of rice and the amount of rice Figure 5: cooking rice
- Example 1 : Diagram showing a simple learning and exam process: Figure 6: Example - Explanation : Diagram showing a simple learning and exam process. Here is an explanation of the symbols and steps in the diagram: Start : This is the starting point of the process. Study : The process begins Exam : This step checks Pass : pass the subject Faill : Relearn End : This is the end point of the process - Example 2: Human resource management block diagram:
Figure 7: Example
- Explanation : This flowchart shows the human resource management of a store.Symbols and steps in the flowchart: Shop : work starts at the shop Accountian t: the process of recording, classifying, and summarizing financial transactions Business : sales staff management Retailer : the seller of the store's products Order management : the person who manages the customer's order Warehouse: manage the products of the store Warehouse management: product management Import and Export: export and import of products into the warehouse
This is one of the program's most basic algorithms. Figure 9: Calculate the sum of 2 numbers 1.2.4 : Natural language programming :
- Is a subfield of AI that deals with the ability of computers to understand and process human language. It is an interdisciplinary field that combines linguistics, computer science, and artificial intelligence. 1.3 Characteristic of Algorithms
- Finiteness: An algorithm should have finite number of steps and it should end after a finite time.
- Input: An algorithm may have many inputs or no inputs at all.
- Output: It should result at least one output.
- Definiteness: Each step must be clear, well-defined and precise. There should be no any ambiguity.
- Effectiveness: Each step must be simple and should take a finite amount of time
1 .3.1 State the advantages and disadvantages of the algorithm: Advantages of Algorithms:
- It is easy to understand.
- An algorithm is a step-wise representation of a solution to a given problem.
- In an Algorithm the problem is broken down into smaller pieces or steps hence, it is easier for the programmer to convert it into an actual program. Disadvantages of Algorithms:
- Writing an algorithm takes a long time so it is time-consuming.
- Understanding complex logic through algorithms can be very difficult.
- Branching and Looping statements are difficult to show in Algorithms(imp). 1 .3.2 Steps to writing a good algorithm:
- Understand the problem.
- Choose the right data structures and algorithms.
- Write pseudocode or comments.
- Implement and test your code.
- Optimize and refactor your code.
- Learn from others and practice.
- Here's what else to consider. 1.3.3 Example of algorithm to calculate the difference of two numbers: Figure 10: Product of 2 numbers
