Products of Weathering: An Earth Science Module, Lecture notes of Earth science

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Earth and

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Earth and Life Science – Grade 11 Quarter 1 – Module 5 : Products of Weathering First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of Pasig City Development Team of the Self-Learning Module Writer: Mirasol B. Ortinez Editor: Ronald Dumapias Reviewers: Ronald Dumapias, Melannie B. Nanteza Illustrator: Edison P. Clet Layout Artist: Mark Kihm G. Lara Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin OIC-Schools Division Superintendent Aurelio G. Alfonso EdD OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Victor M. Javeña EdD Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division Education Program Supervisors Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE) Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP) Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS) Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS) Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports) Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM) Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang) Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP) Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE) Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Introductory Message

For the facilitator: Welcome to the Earth and Life Science Self-Learning Module 5 on Products of Weathering This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in developing this instructional resource. This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module: As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.

For the Learner: Welcome to the Earth and Life Science Self-Learning Module 5 on Products of Weathering This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills that you will learn after completing the module. Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson at hand. Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts and skills that you already know about a previous lesson. Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module. Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform. Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and application of the lesson. Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the lesson. Posttest – This measures how much you have learned from the entire module.

4. How does physical weathering take place? a. By penetration into the joints of rocks searching for moisture. b. By the factors like pressure, warm temperature, water and ice. c. By movement of detached pieces of rocks downward due to gravity d. Through the process of metamorphism, cementation and sedimentation
5. Alice, while walking near a monument, observed that its color is changing from time to time and forming rust eventually. This kind is related to chemical weathering. How does it happen? a. By the product of weathering, erosion and deposition b. By breaking down rocks through pressure, water and ice. c. By the integration of rocks caused by living and nonliving things d. By weakening or disintegration of rocks and the formation of new compounds. RECAP Direction: Identify the correct classification of rocks depending on the description given in each statement. Write the letter of the correct answer. Write A for igneous rocks, B for sedimentary rock and C for metamorphic rocks. __________1. These are formed through the cooling of magma or lava. __________2. These rocks can have distinct foliation because they are exposed to horizontal pressures, friction, and heat caused by tectonic processes. __________3. These rocks may become extrusive or intrusive rocks. __________4. These rocks may have distinct foliation. __________5. These rocks may be accumulated on the Earth’s surface through the process of deposition. __________6. These could be pyroclastic rocks such as ignimbrite, scoria and pumice. __________7. These rocks may be clastic, organic and biochemical materials. __________8. Basalt and andesite are the example of these rocks. __________9. Marbles and slates are the examples of these rocks. __________10. These are the combinations of products of weathering and erosion. It is nice to know that you can still remember the lesson about the three classifications of rocks. Rocks undergo changes because of different factors and natural phenomena. One factor that may be called an architect of nature is known as weathering.

LESSON Weathering is the general term applied to the combined action of all physical and chemical processes that disintegrate and decompose rocks near Earth’s surface. Generally, the disintegration and decomposition processes act together, but one may be dominant, depending on the climate. There are two types of weathering: physical or mechanical weathering and chemical weathering. Physical weathering happens whenever rocks are broken up without any change in their chemical state. It takes place in different ways depending on the factors that act on the rocks. These factors include pressure, warm temperature, water, and ice. Example of physical weathering include block disintegration, exfoliation and frost action. Block Disintegration is caused by the successive heating and cooling that causes the expansion and contraction of rocks. Exfoliation happens when rocks at depth are brought to the surface of the Earth and experience a progressive removal of pressure. Lastly, frost weathering refers to the alternate freezing and thawing of water inside the joints of the rock causing them to split into small particles or fragments. Chemical weathering is the weakening or disintegration of rocks and the formation of new compounds or new substances caused by chemical reactions. Chemical processes include oxidation, hydrolysis and acid action. Oxidation is the process where oxygen reacts with the rock and changes its mineral composition. Carbonation is the process involving the formation of various types of carbonates in rocks. Hydration is the result of the absorption or combination of water and a particular substance on the rock, leading to a change in shape. Dissolution is the process in which some of the minerals in rocks are directly dissolved in water. Mass wasting refers to the downslope movement of rock, regolith, and soil because of gravity. It is a natural process that occurs after weathering. It is considered as a natural hazard. Classifications of mass wasting based on saturation and speed of flow are solifluction, earthflow, mudflow, slump, debris slide, debris flow, soil creep and rock fall. The products of weathering are the disintegration of rocks into particles of soil. The removal of soil at a greater rate than its replacements by natural agencies is known as soil erosion. Wind erosion happens when winds carry large amount of fine soil particles and sand away from a region, spreading it over adjoining cultivated land and destroying fertility. Sheet erosion is the removal of thin layers of soil because of surface runoff and rain. Rill erosion is the removal of soil by the action of concentrated running water. Gully erosion is the removal of soil in water channels or drainage line. Deposition takes place when particles are carried away by water, ice or wind and deposited it in certain location.

Weathering, Erosion and Deposition Activity 2 Direction : Identify if the following is an example of weathering, erosion or deposition. You can have more than one answers. Write your answer in the space provided. Objective: Explain how weathering, erosion and deposition takes place. Source: Mines and Geoscience Bureau Figure 1: Siki it Elepante along barangay Labnig Siki it Elepante in Labnig, Romblon is composed of columns of light gray to whitish volcanic rocks (porphyritic andesite) probably belonging to the Middle Pliocene Banton Volcanics (approximately 3. million years old) which apparently resemble large elephant feet. This remarkable landscape, which is the most photographed beach in the island, was subjected to columnar jointing in the past which was later molded by crashing waves. Answer

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Source: Mines and Geoscience Bureau Figure 2: Coastal Feature of Bakayawon , Lloerente, Eastern Samar These coastal features of the Pacific Ocean are found in Brgy. Bakayawon, Llorente, Eastern Samar. The headlands as portrayed in the above photo are outcrops of limestone jutting out into the sea and surrounded by water on three sides. Answer

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__________________________ ___________ Source: Mines and Geoscience Bureau Figure 3: Rocky to gravelly beach in Barangay Tumalum, Banton, Romblon Strong waves surrounding the coasts also resulted in the formation of a rocky to gravelly beach in Barangay Tumalum in Banton, Romblon. This picture perfect landscape is dominated by rounded and moderately sorted boulders and gravels. Answer

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VALUING

1. Share two news that describe the role of human activities in changing the Earth’s structures positively and negatively.
2. Create a short rap jingle or a song about weathering and state the significance of it in the formation of Earth’s surface. (Rubrics will be made depending on the teacher and student agreement) POSTTEST Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
3. Which of the following is NOT an exogenic processes? a. Deposition b. Erosion c. Metamorphism d. Weathering
4. Which of the following is caused by successive heating and cooling that causes the expansion and contraction of rocks? a. Block disintegration c. Exfoliation b. Carbonation d. Frost weathering
5. Which of the following is NOT a chemical weathering? a. Carbonation b. Exfoliation c. Hydration d. Dissolution
6. How does mass wasting take place? a. By breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces b. By disintegration of rocks into particles of soil c. Through the process of cementation and sedimentation d. By movement of detached pieces of rocks downward due to gravity
7. While walking at the shoreline of a certain beach, you observe that the ocean waves are carrying forms of sediments and depositing it to the coast part making a little bit higher from the sea level. What is this process by which natural force moved weathered rock and soil and deposit it in another place? a. Deposition c. Exfoliation b. Erosion d. Metamorphism

KEY TO CORRECTION References Book Olivar II, Jose Tolentino and Anna Cherylle Morales-Ramos. Exploring Through Science Series: Earth and Life Sciences Series Phoenix Publishing House Inc., 2016 Webpages and Photos Coastal Landforms of Northern Romblon Islands Published May 30, 2019 http://mgb.gov.ph/2015- 05 - 13 - 02 - 02 - 11/mgb-news/715-coastal- landforms-of-northern-romblon-islands Feature: Interesting coastal geologic features molded by erosional processes in Eastern Samar province Published December 1, 2016 http:// mgb.gov.ph/2015- 05 - 13 - 02 - 02 - 11/mgb-news/471-interesting-coastal- geologic-features-molded-by-erosional-processes-in-eastern-samar-province Post test

1. c
2. a
3. b
4. d
5. a up- Wrap Weathering 1. Products of
6. Physical Weathering
7. Frost Action/Frost weathering
8. Hydration, oxidation, dissolution, carbonation
9. Erosion Pretest
10. d
11. c
12. b
13. a
14. d Recap

A 6. A 1.

B 7. C 2.

A 8. A 3.

C 9. C 4.

B 10. B 5.

What's More answers 3 - For Activity 1 may vary depending on the of views the may You students. Science your consult your through teacher class group chat