CHAPTER 4:
Structure and
Properties of Ionic
and Covalent
Compounds
Chemistry in Action:
Nitric Oxide: Environmental and
Biological Roles
Presented by: Group 7
MOHAMMAD | MONTANEZ | PAICAN |PEREZ |
PINATANG
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Nitric Oxide: Properties, Role in Biology and Industry, Lecture notes of Chemistry
The properties and roles of nitric oxide, an unstable free-radical gas. It discusses its molecular structure, chemical safety, molecular weight, and formula. The document also delves into nitric oxide's functions as a neurotransmitter, signaling molecule, human metabolite, and its industrial applications. Additionally, it covers nitric oxide's antimicrobial properties against bacteria, yeasts, and its role in the immune system.
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2020/2021
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CHAPTER 4:
Structure and
Properties of Ionic
and Covalent
Compounds
Chemistry in Action:
Nitric Oxide: Environmental and
Biological Roles
Presented by: Group 7
MOHAMMAD | MONTANEZ | PAICAN |PEREZ |
PINATANG
CHAPTER IV OVERVIEW
Properties of
Ionic and
Covalent
Compounds
Chemical
Bonding
Naming
Compounds
and Writing
Formulas of
Compounds
Drawing
Lewis
Structures on
Molecules and
Polyatomic
Ions
NITRIC OXIDE
Structure : N=O
Chemical safety:
➢ Oxidizer
➢ Compressed gas
➢ Corrosive
➢ Acute toxic
➢ Health hazard
Molecular weight: 30.006 g/
mol
Molecular formula: NO
Lewis structure:
NITRIC OXIDE
Nitric oxide is an unstable free-radical gas which reacts
rapidly with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides. Each molecule
consists of 1 nitrogen and one oxygen atom. ○ (unstable free radical: an atom, molecule or ion that has
unpaired valence electrons or an open electron shell, and
therefore may be seen as having one or more “dangling”
covalent bonds)
○ (covalent bond: chemical bond that involves the sharing of
electron pairs between atoms known as shared pairs or
bonding pairs)
Water soluble, NO is produced normally in numerous tissues
and is considered to be a mediator of cell-to cell
communication
It appears as a colorless gas.
Nitric oxide has shown antimicrobial
properties against micro-organisms.
➢ Bacteria – Staphylococcus aureus
➢ Dermatophytes – Trichophyton
rubrum, Trichophyton
mentagrophytes
➢ Yeasts – Candida albicans
Nitric oxide also plays an important role in T-
cell mediated diseases of the skin, and it
has both pro and anti-apoptotic properties.
Nitric oxide is a key effector molecule for the
defense against intracellular pathogens
including virus, bacteria, and parasites.
Humans produce nitric oxide by several
mechanisms.
From the amino acid L-arginine by the enzyme nitric oxide
synthase (NOS)
From inorganic nitrates in green leafy vegetables, fruits,
cereals, and cured meat
Skin produce nitric oxide as all 3 isoforms of NOS are
present either in the epidermal cells, dermal cells or both,
skin can produce nitric oxide by an enzyme dependent
mechanism. Human skin can release nitric oxide in an
enzyme independent manner by UVA photolysis of nitric
oxide stores.
Nitric oxide is also produced by reduction of sweat nitrate by
skin commensal bacteria, in particular Staphylococci
Nitric oxide is called a free radical because it contains
single unpaired electrons in its molecule. Hence it is
reactive, and has a half-life of only a few seconds.
THE ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE
In Bacteria
Oxidative stress defense and
repair
Toxin synthesis
Regulation of growth responses
In Plant
Stimulate seed germination
Oxidative stress defense and
repair
Electron transport regulation
Regulation of growth and
development
Intracellular signaling