Download ALTA Practice CALT LEAD. and more Exams English Philology in PDF only on Docsity!
ALTA Practice CALT LEAD
Phonology - Sounds of letters semantics - Word meaning in language syntax - Grammar system of language discourse - Talking with another Aphasia - The loss or impairment of the ability to comprehend words, TBI result. Alphabetic language - A language in which letters are used systematically to represent sounds or phonemes Alphabetic principle - Spelling - the use of letter/s to represent phonemes in orthography Anglo Saxon - Dominant language in Britain until the Norman Conquest in 1066. Usually 1 syllable words which are concerned with short vowel sounds. Everyday Words. - 20-25% Of the English Language Analytic Instruction - Separates the whole into parts to revel the relationships of the parts Arbitrary learning -
New learning that has no logical connection to already acquired knowledge Auditory - To experience through hearing Bottom up process - Process consists of accurate and sequential reading of every word. Comprehension is TEXT Driven! PARTS TO WHOLE Top down process/Concept driven - Reading consists of using one's experiences and expectations to react to the text. WHOLE TO PARTS Cooperative learning - Students work together to solve a problem/task Cumulative - New learning that is based on previously learned elements Diagnostic teaching - Teaching uses both formal and informal assessments to measure student progress against expected standards Direct Instruction/Explicit instruction - TAKE NOTHING FOR GRANTED! Instruction is delivered without vagueness. Embedded Phonics - Phonological awareness and phonics taught implicitly through reading of real words in text Etymology - History of word origins
Linguistic - Denoting language processing and language structure Linguistics - Study of pronunciation, properties, structure, meaning, and usage Logographic writing - Pictures represent words of a language Multiple meanings - Same word with many meanings (ambiguous) Polygot - A language made up of several languages. English is a polygon language Pragmatics - Rules of conversation and dialogue Rapid Automatized Naming - The rapid naming of a series of printed objects, colors, numbers, or letters that are repeated over and over in random order semantics - The MEANING of language Syntax - sentence structure and grammar Synthetic Instruction - Instruction beginning with the parts and builds to a whole
Synthetic Phonics - Begins with individual sounds that are blended together to form a word Alexia - The loss of the ability to read, usually as the result of a TBI Articulation - The act of producing sounds Echolalia - Imitation of mother's sounds Hyperlexia - Superior reading WITHOUT comprehension Otitis Media - Inflammation of the middle ear that can lead to hearing loss. This can result in speech and language difficulties Phonology - Sounds of letters Discourse - Conversation and dialogue Therm- - heat Theo- - God
heart Bio- - life Auto- - self Astro- - star Micro- - small Macro- - large Hypo- - under Hyper- - over Hemi- - half amphi- - both Challs Stage 0 6 months to 6 years
PREREADING -
Pre reading/ retells stories when looking a pages of book previously read -recognition and naming letters -understands between pictures and print -rhyme, use alliteration, segment units of speech Challs Stage 1 6-7 years DECODING - Initial reading and decoding Learns relationship between sounds and printed/spoken words Sounds out words High frequency words Understand alphabetic principle Challs Stage 2 7-8 years CONFIRMATION - Confirmation and fluency Reads simple familiar stories (this is done by sight words and context) Challs Stage 3 9-13 years READING TO LEARN - Reading for New Learning ONE POINT OF VIEW Learns to gain new knowledge
Adolph Kussmaul - Coined the term "WORD BLINDNESS" 1877 Dr. Rudolph Berlin - Introduced the term DYSLEXIA Dr. Pringle Morgan - 1st Article in Medical Literature on WORD BLINDNESS James Hinshelwood - 1904 "Word Blindness" Established procedures for screening and teaching those identified with word blindness Samuel Orton - 1925 coined the term "STREPOSYMBOLIA" meaning twisted symbols Anna Gillingham - 1930 developed a non traditional way of teaching written language skills. Worked with Sally Childs Kenneth and Yetta Goodman - "Drop Everything and Read" Whole language approach Orthography - Writing system of language Correct spelling according to established usage Phonological Awareness - Understanding the internal linguistic structure of words
Sound symbol association - Visual to auditory, auditory to visual, master blending sounds into words Rudolph Berlin - 1877- Introduced the term DYSLEXIA Frank Smith - Founder of WHOLE LANGUAGE concept Mathew Effect - Biblical Sense... attempt, failure, frustration, avoidance, lack of patience, no improvement, loss of esteem and motivation Composite score - Combines several scores according to a specific formula Derived score - Raw scores are converted by numerical transformation Stanin score - Normalized scores with a range of 1- (written with a particular group) Phonics Approach - Must be taught.... Explicitly Systematically Sequentially Must include blending words
-SBOE administers Ability Test - Designed to measure wither your general intelligence or mental aptitude in a particular area encoding - spelling decoding - reading orthography - Correct spelling Grapheme - Visual shape of a single letter or letter clusters which represents a speech sound Phoneme - Speech sound , separates sound units of spoken words equivocal - Ambiguous letter representing more than one sound or way of spelling (k,c//ck,k,ke,c) unequivocal - A letter that represents only one sound or is spelled only one way ( h, b,p....) Socratic teaching method - Discovery teaching Multisensory learning - Learn using ALL modalities
Morphology - Structure of word forms (affixes and roots) Auditory memory - To remember sounds in sequence cognitive - Act of knowing Etymology - Origin of a word Visual memory - Ability to retain visual image of a two dimensional symbol Congenital - Existing from birth Neuropsychology - Integrates psychological observations of behavior and mind with the observations of the brain Phonological processor - Mapping of letters to their spoken equivalents Word Blindness Hinshelwood - Now is referred to as ALEXIA - loss of the ability to read due to TBI Dyscalculia -
Diagnosis - Process of identifying the nature of a disorder or disability through observations and examinations Formal Testing - Tests that are standardized and must be administered by a licensed professional (Diagnostician administers test) Informal testing - Structured but not standardized but must follow a format Interdisciplinary Evaluation - Evaluations conducted by a team of specialists (diagnostician and doctors) Norm referenced tests - It is Standardized and the tests produce scores that permit comparisons between a student and other children the same age. Percentile rank - Shows how a student is achieving in comparison to a normative sample (students in varied states are looked at the same way) Performance assessment - Demonstrates competency reliability - Consistency in which the assessment instrument measure information Screening/indicator - assessment that is given to identify students at risk for reading difficulties Standard Deviation -
Average variability of scores around the group mean. Standardized tests - Tests that are standardized using a selected sample of people for whom the test was created for. (ie;STAAR) Summative assessment - An assessment that measure knowledge that has been gained Validity - Statistical accuracy of an assessment instrument when compared to another assessment instrument Accuracy - Freedom of mistakes and errors Bound Morpheme - A morpheme that MUST BE ATTACHED to other morpheme (affixes) Combining forms - A root that other roots or affixes may be combined to form a compound word Fluency - Translation of print to speech with accuracy, speed, prosody, and comprehension Free Morpheme - A morpheme that can stand alone = Whole word (hot, bat) Heterogeneous practice - Reading or spelling practice with MORE THAN ONE focus but only after the student has mastered each concept
MSL Strategies - -vowel situations -syllable types -syllable division -spelling rules -spelling situations Letter Naming Chart - -screening test -Elementary ONLY -test taker names the letters of the alphabet Phonics approach - Must be taught explicitly, systematically, and sequential. Must be able to blend sounds into words. Layers of Language - Anglo Saxon, Latin, Greek
