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CALT study cards
The 6 Syllable Types -
- Closed
- Open
- Vowel Consonant E
- Vowel Combinations (Vowel Teams)
- R Controlled Vowels
- Final Stable Syllables Closed Vowel - Syllable type where Vowel is closed off by one or more consonants Open Vowel - Syllable type where Syllable ends in a long vowel sound Vowel Consonant E - Syllable type where Long Vowel followed by 1 consonant and silent E R Controlled Vowel - Syllable type where When an R follows a vowel & changes the sound Final Stable Syllable - Syllable type In the final position, unaccented, hint of a vowel sound Vowel Combinations or Vowel Teams - Syllable type where 2 or more vowels together that make one sound Digraph - 2 letters that make 1 sound
Combination - When 2 letters come together in an unexpected way Diphthong - 2 adjacent vowels in 1 syllable that blend 2 sounds Trigraph - 3 letters that make 1 sound Quadrigraph - 4 letters that make 1 sound Phoneme - The smallest unit of sound that distinguishes one word from another Morpheme - The smallest meaningful unit of sound (or meaningful linguistic unit) in a word Alphabetic Principal - The relationship between letters and sounds, in a Left to Right orientation and phonemes (sounds) ordered in a specific temporal sequence in a spoken word. In which field of study do we typically find words of Greek origin? - science (sometimes theater, religion and sports) What are the clues that a common English Word is of Anglo-Saxon derivation? - short, irregular, common everyday words (i.e. give, mother) What is the ultimate goal in handwriting instruction? - easy to write, easy to read
Suffix that changes a word to past tense and can sometimes form an adjective Suffix NESS - Suffix that means quality of, or having. Usually a noun. Suffix LY - Suffix that means how or like, when. Usually a noun. Suffix ER - Suffix that means that which, one who, or more than. Can be a noun, adjective, or adverb. Suffix EST - Suffix that means the most, usually an adjective, can be an adverb Suffix ING - Suffix that makes a word present tense. An adjective or adverb. Suffix S - makes a word plural, can be noun or verb, also the 3rd person singular Suffix ES - makes a word plural, used after a sibilant sound (ss, x, ch, tch, sh), also 3rd person singular Equivocal Sounds (definition) - More than one way to spell the sound Unequivocal Sounds (definition) - Only one way to spell the sound Who is Samuel Orton? -
A neurologist who worked with Anna Gillingham to come up with the Multipsensory Approach (MSLE) Who is Anna Gillingham? - A psychologist who worked with Samuel Orton to come up with the Multisensory Approach Where did alphabetic phonics originate? - Texas Scottish Rite Hospital with Aylette Cox, Luke Waites, and Sally Childs What is the rationale for linkages? - To learn the sound/ symbol relationships in multiple learning modalities. They connect 4 senses needed to learn (visual, audio, kinesthetic and tactile) to the 4 properties of a grapheme (name, shape, sound, feel) What is dysgraphia? - involves difficulty in writing, in the actual motor patterns used in writing and/ or formulation of written expression Word Blindness - a complete text-blindness that may exist, even when IQ, speech, and other abilities remain intact. (coined by Kussmaul in 1878) 5 principles of multisensory teaching -
- direct, explicit instruction
- systematic and cumulative
- Both analytic and synthetic
- simultaneously multipsensory
- diagnostic and prescriptive Who coined the term Strephosymbolia? - Samuel Orton Strephosymbolia (definition) -
- orthography (attaching meaning to a symbol) Formula for closed vowel - A vowel in a closed syllable is short, code it with a breve Formula for open vowel (accented syllable) - A vowel in an open, accented syllable is long, code it with a macron. Formula for open vowel (unaccented syllable) - When we see a vowel in an open, unaccented syllable, the "a" gets mad and says ȧ (uh), the "i" gets whiny and says ĭ, and the "e", "o", and "u" and long but a little shorter, code them with a modified macron. Formula for vowel consonant E - When a vowel is followed by a consonant and a final e, the vowel is long and the e is silent. Formula for vowel teams - When we see 2 or more vowels together that make one sound, we code them like a team. Formula for R controlled vowels - When an R follows a vowel, it changes the sound Formula for Final Stable Syllables - It's in the final position, unaccented, and has a hint of a vowel sound. Formulas for the sounds made by -ed -
- A baseword with Final t or d + vowel suffix -ed = "ed"
- A baseword with a final voiced sound + vowel suffix -ed says "d"
- A baseword with a final unvoiced sound + vowel suffix -ed says "t" When does G make the sound (j)? - When G comes before an e, i, or y, it is pronounced "j"
What is the floss rule? - When a one syllable base word with a short vowel and a final (f), (l), or (s) sound, it is spelled "ff", "LL", and "SS" When do we spell medial E as e-e? - In a 2 (or more) syllable base word with a medial long E, we spell that e-e. What are the Just Add Rules? -
- a base word + a consonant suffix= just add Now check the last 3 letters before the suffix:
- Do we have 2 consonants together? If yes, just add.
- Do we have a vowel team? If yes, Just add. What is the doubling rule? - When the last 3 letters of the base word have one consonant, one vowel, and one accent + a vowel suffix, double the last consent and add the suffix. What is the dropping rule? - In a base word with a final consonant e + a vowel suffix, we drop the e and double the consonant What is the changing rule? - In a base word with a final consonant and Y + a "c", "v", or"l", change the y to an i and add the suffix Which vowels are half-long in open, unaccented syllables? - e,o,u What are Wild, Old Words? - In a one syllable base word with an "i" or "o" followed by 2 consonants in the final position, they sometimes say ī or ō.
