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American History Through Baseball Midterm #1 American History Through Baseball Midterm #1American History Through Baseball Midterm #1
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The American Association
-A league set up after the Cincinnati Red Stockings were kicked out of the national league for selling beer at their ball games -They were the national leagues competition and they were a rowdier version of baseball. They had games on Sundays, Sold beers at games, and charged a cheaper admittance fee.
The National Agreement
The agreement made between the American
Association, The National League, and Northwest League (a minor league) to establish rules and regulations regarding player contracts and team territory
The Knights of Labor
-the largest American Labor organization by industry and not by trade. -They stood for higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions -They rose the idea that workers should own shares of the companies they work for.
Harry M. Stevens
-Went to a baseball game and promised he could make a better scorecard. -He invented concessions at baseball games and allegedly invented hot dogs -allowed more people to be hired and contributed to the business of baseball.
The reserve Clause
-A Clause adopted by the national league that stated
that teams could reserve their best players so that when contracts were up, these players couldn't leave the team for more money -put the players at a disadvantage because they were stuck with their teams and player salary decreased.
The Players League
-A third major baseball league led by the brotherhood.
-investors and players owned the teams but it didn't last for very long -Important because it was created by those who
wanted to get rid of the reserve clause and reflected labor unions.
The Cincinnati Red Stockings
-The first team to have all openly professional Baseball players -important because it inspired other teams to have all professional players because they saw that this strategy was helping the cincinnati red stockings be successful.
Robber Barons
-Powerful industrialists who used illegal practices to build monopolies -Their selfish ways and chosen working conditions were reason for worker unions to emerge.
Trusts
William Hulbert
Adrian "Cap" Anson
Why did the national league Form?
-it formed because there were many problems with the National Association -William Hulbert saw an opportunity in this and
approached many teams in the national association with plans of a new league with a stronger central authority and exclusive territories in larger cities. -This new league had 8 teams
Why did the American association form
-formed when the Cincinnati red stockings were kicked out of the National League for selling alcohol at their games -They helped become a new league, which unlike the national league, had games on sundays, sold beer, and had cheaper admission prices
How did the American Economy Change During the Gilded Age
-the period when America was becoming industrialized
-During the Civil war, Railroads, factories, uniforms, and food are needed and industrialization took off -factories and corporations emerge along with food producers, transportation companies, and major retailers started to pop up
-The gap between the rich and poor became huge
-Robber Barons begin to take advantage of these changes and monopolies and trusts are formed. -There are many inventions as well such as the lightbulb and phonograph. -people start to consume stuff they can't make
How did the formation of professional baseball leagues reflect these changes
-Baseball games began to be charged for admission
-monopolies, such as the national league, emerged
-eventually these monopolies are threatened by the American association and the two leagues created a trust -All of these things were happening in American Society as well
What did Spalding hope to accomplish by his world tour
-Spalding hoped to spread baseball around the world so that he could make money selling baseball equipment
How did this tour anticipate the creation of an American Empire in the ensuing decade
-there was a lot of pressure for imperialism
-Baseball was seen as representing democracy,
equality, and individualism: everything Americans stood for and defined themselves as -They wanted to spread the message of America's status and democracy to show the rest of the world that they were the best.
