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Anatomy and Physiology Test Bank #1 exam
1 questions and answers 2025/2026 Which term describes the study of the functions of body structures? - answerPhysiology
Which term defines a group of cells that work together to perform a particular function? - answerTissue Which term refers to the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body? - answerMetabolism List the basic processes of life. -movement, growth, differentiation and reproduction. answerThe basic processes of life include metabolism, responsiveness,
The two organ systems that regulate and maintain homeostasis are the -systems. answernervous and endocrine
Which body fluid fills the narrow spaces between cells and tissues and directly affects the properfunctioning of cells? - answerInterstitial fluid
Describe the differences between positive and negative feedback systems. -system will strengthen or reinforce a change in one of the body's controlled conditions while a negative answerA positive feedback feedback system will reverse a change in a controlled condition. Which feedback system structure receives output from the control center? - answerEffector Which feedback system structure provides input to the control center? - answerReceptor A condition NOT regulated by a negative feedback loop would be: - answerChildbirth Objective changes in a patient's normal body function that can be directly observed or measured by aclinician are referred to as - answersigns.
Describe the anatomical position. -observer with the head level and the eyes facing forward. The feet are flat on the floor and directed answerIn the anatomical position, the subject stands erect facing the forward and the arms are at the sides with the palms turned forward. The lungs are located in the - answerpleural cavity. Which cavity is located inferior to the abdominal cavity? - answerPelvic Cavity Which cavity contains the heart? - answerPericardial Cavity The function of the secretions of a serous membrane, like the pleura, is to -between neighboring organs. answerreduce friction
Which plane divides the body into equal right and left halves? - answerMidsagittal Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions? - answerFrontal A transverse plane will cut a body or organ into - answersuperior and inferior portions. Which directional term means farther from the midline? - answerLateral Which directional term means farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk or farther from theorigination of a structure? - answerDistal
Choose the directional term that would make the following sentence correct. The heart is_____________ to the liver. - answersuperior
Choose the directional term that would make the following sentence correct. The sternum is_____________ to the heart. - answeranterior
Which of the following organs is not found in the abdominal cavity? - answerDiaphragm
List and briefly describe the six basic life processes. -Metabolism is the sum of all chemical processes in the body. 2. Responsiveness is the body's ability to answerThe six basic life processes include: 1. detect and respond to internal and external stimuli. 3. Movement includes motions that range frommovements within individual cells to movement of the entire body. 4. Growth means an increase in body size or an increase in the number of cells. 5. Differentiation is the process that converts a cell fromunspecialized to specialized. 6. Reproduction refers to formation of new cells for growth and repair or production of a new individual. Describe a feedback system and list its general components. -in which the status of the body condition is monitored, evaluated and changed to maintain homeostasis. answerA feedback loop is a cycle of events A feedback system will include a receptor that detects stimuli, a control center that receives the inputfrom the receptor and generates an output, and an effector that receives the output and produces a response. Which of the following noninvasive diagnostic techniques is an example of inspection? - answerExamining the surface of patient's skin for presence of a rash.
Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the functional properties of nerve cells? - answerNeurophysiology
Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the chemical regulators in the blood? - answerEndocrinology
Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of functional changes associated with disease andaging? - answerPathophysiology
Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the body's defense against disease-causingagents? - answerImmunology
Which subspecialty of anatomy deals with the study of structural changes associated with disease? - answerPathological Anatomy
Which of the following anatomical terms refer to the groin? - answerInguinal
Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the front of the elbow? - answerAntecubital Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the ear? - answerOtic Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the great toe? - answerHallux Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the thumb? - answerPollex The section shown in (c) results from cutting through a ___________ plane extending through the brain?- answertransverse
The section shown in (b) results from cutting through a ________ plane extending through the brain? - answerfrontal
Which cavity contains the small intestine? - answerD Which cavity contains the liver? - answerD Which cavity contains the spinal cord? - answerB Which cavity contains the internal organs of reproduction? - answerE What is the name of the serous membrane in closest proximity to the lungs? - answerVisceral Pleura What is the name of the outer layer of the serous membrane that surrounds the heart? -Pericardium answerParietal
Which region is the epigastric region? - answerA
Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of a negative feedback system? -requires an event outside the feedback system to shut it off. answerUsually
Which of the following represents the largest and most complex level of structural organization in thehuman body? - answerOrganism Level
Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic type of tissues found in the human body? - answerNecrotic Tissue
Which of the following correctly list the levels of structural organization in the human body from largestto smallest? - answerOrganism-Organ System-Organ-Tissue-Cellular-Chemical
Which of the following structures or regions could you clearly see when you are viewing the anteriorside of an individual standing in the standard anatomical position? - answerPalm of the Hand
Which of the following is a safe non-invasive imaging technique that uses the reflection of highfrequency sound waves off of body tissues to visualize a fetus during pregnancy? - answerUltrasound Scanning Mammography and bone densitometry are good examples of which of the following types of medicalimaging? - answerLow-Dose Radiography
