AODV Implementation-Applications of Computer Sciences-Project Presentation, Slides of Applications of Computer Sciences

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What it covers

 Firstly, I am going to give a fast & generalized overview of previous work done.

 Secondly, In general I will discuss some of the issues which supports my further discussion.

 Thirdly, Protocol selection & its working

And

 At last reason’s for protocol, parameters selections with the support of work done in these issues.

Section I

Major MANET Issue Categories

 Hundreds of research aspects have been developed and discussed in this field.

 Various fundamental and frequently discussed aspects of MANETs are identified and grouped into fifteen categories

1. Routing
2. Multicasting/ Broadcasting
3. Location Service
4. Clustering
5. Mobility Management
6. TCP/ UDP
7. IP Addressing
8. Multiple Access
9. Radio Interface 10.Bandwidth Management 11.Power Management 12.Security 13.Fault Tolerance 14.QoS/ Multimedia 15.Standards/ Products docsity.com

The Factors of the Qualitative Analysis

 There are many qualitative factors related to MANETs.  There are two purposes for qualitative analysis.  First, qualitative analysis allows the researcher to discover some phenomena easily for study.  Second, it allows the researcher to formulate a new explanation and theory by examining the phenomena's interrelationships.

**1. Adaptability

2. Flexibility
3. Heterogeneity
4. Performance
5. Reliability
6. Stability
7. Scalability
8. Security**

Qualitative Analysis...

Reliability 17%

Security 14%

Heteogeneity 4%

Stability 20%

Flexibility 12%

Scalability 25%

Adaptability 8%

Reliability Security Heteogeneity Stability Flexibility Scalability Adaptability

Simulators for MANETs

 There are more than twenty simulators used in MANETs.

Simulators utilization trend

GloMoSim 21%

User Designed 8%

Other 9%

PARSEC based other Simulators 4%

C++ based toolkit 8% BoNes 2% OPNET 9%

NS- 39% NS- GloMoSim OPNET BoNes C++ based toolkit User Designed Other PARSEC based other Simulators

Simulators for MANETs...

 They not only provide the simulation process for researchers but also help them test and debug many network protocols.  From this figure, the three most popular simulators, NS (39%), GloMoSim (21%), and OPNET (9%), accounted for more than 2/3 of the simulators used.  NS-2, GloMoSim, and OPNET are highly modular discrete event simulators.  These simulators are provided for simulating the behavior of networks in a complex network topology.

Routing in ad-hoc networks

 Numerous protocols and algorithms have been proposed w.r.t application/utilization of Mobile Ad hoc Network e.g.  Power-Aware Routing protocols  Network Utilization & organization protocols  Fading/Interference reduction protocols  Routing protocols  THE big topic in many research projects. Far more than 50 different proposals exists at the moment.  There are three main types of routing protocols: Reactive, pro-active and Hybrid.

Routing Protocols

 Reactive Routing Protocol:  Determine route if and when needed  Source initiates route discovery  Example: DSR,AODV  Proactive Routing Protocol:  continuously evaluate the routes  attempt to maintain consistent, up-to-date routing information  when a route is needed, one may be ready immediately  when the network topology changes  the protocol responds by propagating updates throughout the network to maintain a consistent view  Examples: DSDV ,OLSR ,CGSR.  Hybrid protocols  Adaptive; Combination of proactive and reactive  Example : ZRP (zone routing protocol)

Section II

AODV – History

 IETF community the MANET  Published in November 2001  AODV Routing Protocol (Ad hoc On demand Distance Vector)  Total 14 versions (Draft 00Draft 13) were published  After passing through this evaluation period, IEFT at last published AODV as the RFC 3561 in 2004  Several implementations and advancements done  New protocols are mostly based on the working of AODV  Most of Routing protocols research is going on AODV after getting RFC standard.

AODV – Characteristics

 On demand (with small delay)  Unicast / Multicast / Broadcast provided  Loop free  Quick aging  Link breakages efficiently repaired  Distributed Routing  Hop-by-hop  Deterministic  Single path  State-dependent

AODV – Route Table

 Basic:  Destination IP  Destination Sequence Number  Hop Count to Destination (cost per hope = 1)  Next Hop  Lifetime  Last Hop Count  Extended:  Routing Flags  Interface (i.e. eth0, eth1)  List of Precursors  Route entries may be updated if a route with greater sequence number or smaller hop count is discovered