Download AP Biology Reading Guide: Chapter 19 - Descent with Modification and Natural Selection and more Summaries Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Biology in Focus Reading Guide Date_______________________ Chapter 19
Chapter 19: Descent with Modification
Overview
- Define evolution broadly and then give a narrower definition, as discussed in the overview.
Concept 19.1 The Darwinian revolution challenged the traditional view of a young Earth inhabited by unchanging species
This section provides an historical context for studying evolution. Some parts are not covered in the AP Biology Test and so they are not emphasized in this Reading Guide.
- Explain the role of fossils in rock strata as a window to life in earlier times.
- James Hutton and Charles Lyell were geologists whose ideas strongly influenced Darwin’s thinking. What were the ideas each of them contributed?
James Hutton--
Charles Lyell --
C. Kelly 6-20- Adapted from AP Biology Reading Guides by Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw
Biology in Focus Reading Guide Date_______________________ Chapter 19
- Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck proposed a mechanism for how life changes over time. Explain the two principles of his mechanism.
use and disuse
inheritance of acquired characteristics
- Although Lamarck’s mechanism of evolution does not explain the changes in species over time, his thinking has been influential. What is considered to be the great importance of his ideas?
Concept 19.2 Descent with modification by natural selection explains the adaptations of organisms and the unity and diversity of life
- Charles Darwin proposed that the mechanism of evolution is natural selection and that it explains how adaptations arise. What are adaptations? Give two examples of adaptations.
C. Kelly 6-20- Adapted from AP Biology Reading Guides by Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw
Biology in Focus Reading Guide Date_______________________ Chapter 19
- To demonstrate your understanding of this section, complete the following sentences:
_______________________ do not evolve.
______________________ evolve.
Now, take out your highlighter and mark the information in the box above. Hold these ideas firmly in your brain! Finally, if you are ever asked to explain Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection (a common AP essay question), do not pull out the phrase “survival of the fittest.” Instead, cite the points made in question 8 and explain the inferences that are drawn from them.
Concept 19.3 Evolution is supported by an overwhelming amount of scientific evidence
- Make a list of the types of evidence for evolution that are described in this concept.
- Summarize the examples provided of direct observation of evolutionary change.
C. Kelly 6-20- Adapted from AP Biology Reading Guides by Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw
Biology in Focus Reading Guide Date_______________________ Chapter 19
- Do antibiotics cause bacteria to become resistant? Explain your response.
- How does the fossil record give evidence for evolution?
16.What is meant by each of the following terms? Give an example of each.
Term Example
Homologous structures
Vestigial structures
Analogous structures
(see p. 465)
- How do homologous structures give evidence for evolution?
- What is summarized in an evolutionary tree?
C. Kelly 6-20- Adapted from AP Biology Reading Guides by Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw
Biology in Focus Reading Guide Date_______________________ Chapter 19
C. Kelly 6-20- Adapted from AP Biology Reading Guides by Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw
