Download Evolutionary Biology: Terms & Definitions - Natural Selection to Species Descent and more Quizzes Introduction to Sociology in PDF only on Docsity!
Natural Selection
The driving force of evolutionary change (Key to evolution)Struggle for existence- those with strong variation survive and reproduce TERM 2
Fixity of Species
DEFINITION 2 Once a species is created it cannot and will not change formthis followed Gods design or "argument from designlead to the development of evolutionary theory TERM 3
Paradigm Shift
DEFINITION 3 lead to development of evolutionary theory Transition to new beliefs and frameworksex. New World discovery overturned European ideas about planet- Earth no longer thought of as flatExpanded awareness of biodiversity TERM 4
Reproductive Isolation
DEFINITION 4 John RayTheory that groups can be differentiated from one another by their ability to mate with one another and produce fertile offspring Genetic differences prevent certain organisms from mating TERM 5
Binomial Nomenclature
DEFINITION 5 Carolous Linnaeus developed this based on Rays ideas of species and genus used these terms to refer to living species ex. HomoSapiens= Human Beings He also added the categories class and order
Basis for Taxonomy
Four level system of classification Concerned with rules of classifying organisms based on evolutionary relationships TERM 7
Catastrophism
DEFINITION 7 the Earth has been affected in the past by a series of regional disasters - destroyed plant and animal life in that area until new migrants occupied the landThese species similar to the ones that lived their prior to TERM 8
Uniformitarianism
DEFINITION 8 Earths features are a result of long processes that continue to operate in the present opposed catastrophism focused on geological change tells us that they Earth is really oldGave rise to ideas of evolution TERM 9
Theories of Natural Selection
DEFINITION 9
- All species can produce offspring faster than food supply increase2. Biological Variation in a species(no 2 species are alike)3. More offspring are produced than survive - due to limited resources and competition4. Individuals with favorable traits have the advantage 5. Environmental context determines whether or not a trait is beneficial6. Traits are inherited and passed on 7. Over long periods of time successful variations occur in a population- new species appear; generations begin to differ8. Geographical Isolation contributes to formation of new species
- seperation causes species to adapt different traits for survival TERM 10
Fitness
DEFINITION 10 An idea of natural selectionfavorable traits increase likelihood that they'll survive measure of reproductive success can be measured by species genetic ability to pass to next generation
Blending Process
parental characteristics are mixed together to produce intermediate offspring TERM 17
Selective Breeding
DEFINITION 17 HUmans choose traits to be passed on to species TERM 18
Biologic Variation
DEFINITION 18 No two species are alike TERM 19
Principle of Population
DEFINITION 19 Humans are producing at a greater rate than available resources - more will be born than survive into adulthood TERM 20
Alfred Russel Wallace
DEFINITION 20 coined the idea the descent of species
Decent of Species
current species are descendents of older species can be identified with fossils Evolution is driven by competition and natural selectionvarieties depart from their original type TERM 22
Gregor Mendel
DEFINITION 22 developed mechanisms of inheritance used pea experiments to showed phenotype vs. Genotype
