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AP World History Modern (Entire Course Review)
Questions And Answers 2025/
legalism - CORRECT ANSWER-A school of Chinese philosophy. Prominent during Warring States Period. Had great influence on the policies of the Qin dynasty. Based on a pessimistic view of human nature. Social harmony could only be attained through strong government control and the imposition of strict laws, enforced absolutely. Tang - CORRECT ANSWER-Continuing the imperial revival started by the Sui Dynasty this dynasty that followed restored the Chinese imperial impulse four centuries after the decline of the Han, extending control along the silk route. Trade flourished and China finally reached its western limits when its forces were defeated by the imperial armies of the Muslim Abbasid Empire at the Talas River-- which stopped future expansion by both empires. Siddhartha Gautama - CORRECT ANSWER-The prince who is said to have founded Buddhism. Caste system - CORRECT ANSWER-India's traditional social hierarchy. Samsara - CORRECT ANSWER-the cycle of life and rebirth in Hinduism
Mahayana - CORRECT ANSWER-The name of the more mystical and larger of the two main Buddhist sects. This one originated in India in the 400s CE and gradually found its way north to the Silk road and into Central and East Asia. Empress Wu - CORRECT ANSWER-the only woman to rule China in her own name, expanded the empire and supported Buddhism during the Tang Dynasty. Shinto - CORRECT ANSWER-"Way of the Kami"; Japanese worship of nature spirits Imperialism - CORRECT ANSWER-The extension of political rule by one people over other, different peoples. First done by Sargon of Akkad to the Sumerian city states. Talmud - CORRECT ANSWER-The collection of Jewish rabbinic discussion pertaining to law, ethics, and tradition consisting of the Mishnah and the Gemara. Urbanization - CORRECT ANSWER-the movement of people to Urban areas in search of work. Tao-te Ching - CORRECT ANSWER-the central text of Daoism. Ummah - CORRECT ANSWER-The collective community of Islamic peoples, which is thought to transcend ethnic and political boundaries.
King Charles I - CORRECT ANSWER-The English monarch who was beheaded by Puritans (see English Civil War) who then established their own short-lived government ruled by Oliver Cromwell (1650s). Tennis Court Oath - CORRECT ANSWER-A pledge signed by all but one of the members of the Third Estate in France. Marks the first time the French formally opposed Louis XVI. Bourgeoisie - CORRECT ANSWER-A social class that derives social and economic power from employment, education, and wealth, as opposed to the inherited power of aristocratic family of titled land owners or feudal privileges. It's a term for the middle class common in the 19th century. It's characterized by their ownership of property and their related culture. John Locke - CORRECT ANSWER-17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property. Shakespeare - CORRECT ANSWER-A popular English playwright and poet in the 16th century. 95 Theses - CORRECT ANSWER-It was nailed to a church door in Wittenberg, Germany in 1517 and is widely seen as being the catalyst that started the Protestant Reformation. It contained Luther's list of accusations against the Roman Catholic Church.
Indulgence - CORRECT ANSWER-Within the Catholic Church, this is the remission punishment for ones sins. Such as for a sin that has already been forgiven by God but which still carries with it some kind of punishment. Centuries ago the Church would sell certificates that would get a person out of purgatory. This practice contributed to the Protestant reformation. Bartholomew Dias - CORRECT ANSWER-Portuguese navigator that discovered the Cape of Good Hope in Southern Afica. Cortes - CORRECT ANSWER-The Spanish conqueror of Mexico. Enconmienda - CORRECT ANSWER-A labor system set up by the Spanish government where Spanish colonists could work the native Americans on their land while compensating them and agreeing to educate some of them and teach them about Christianity. The system was meant to curb exploitation but actually made the exploitation of Native Americans worse. Mita - CORRECT ANSWER-When colonists were allowed to use Indians for forced labor in colonial South America as a form of taxation. The Inca had previously used a similar practice. Laissez Faire - CORRECT ANSWER-The belief that the government shouldn't intervene much in the economy and should instead let the people do what they want with their property. by Adam Smith
Aborigine - CORRECT ANSWER-The general named often used to describe the original inhabitants of Australia. Janissary - CORRECT ANSWER-Elite fighting force in the Ottoman army made up of slaves. Dar al-Islam - CORRECT ANSWER-A term used by Muslims to refer to those countries where Muslims can practice their religion freely. Jamestown - CORRECT ANSWER-The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia Colombian Exchange - CORRECT ANSWER-The trading of various animals, diseases, and crops between the Eastern and Western hemispheres Trianglular Trade - CORRECT ANSWER-From the 16th to 19th centuries, the flow of goods between the Americas, Europe in Africa is often described with what geometric shape? Colonization - CORRECT ANSWER-The expansion of countries into other countries where they establish settlements and control the native people and colonists Creole - CORRECT ANSWER-Descendants of the Europeans in Latin America, usually implies an upper class status.
Porfirio Diaz - CORRECT ANSWER-Dictator in Mexico from 1876 to 1911. Overthrown by the Mexican Revolution of 1910. Emiliano Zapata - CORRECT ANSWER-Revolutionary Leader in Mexico during the Mexican Revolution who originated from the lower classes and was especially appealing to the peasants because he wanted to take land from the haciendas (rich) and return it to them. Ended up assassinated Young Turks - CORRECT ANSWER-A coalition starting in the late 1870s of various groups favoring modernist liberal reform of the Ottoman Empire. It was against monarchy of Ottoman Sultan and instead favored a constitution. In 1908 they succeed in establishing a new constitutional era. Franz Ferdinand - CORRECT ANSWER-Archduke of Austria-Hungary assassinated by a Serbian nationalist. A major catalyst for WWI. Lusitania - CORRECT ANSWER-British passenger ship holding Americans that sunk off the coast of Ireland in 1915 by German U-Boats killing 1,198 people. It was decisive in turning public favor against Germany and bringing America into WWI. Zimmerman telegram - CORRECT ANSWER-This was sent by Germans to encourage a Mexican attack against the United States. Intercepted by the US in
Franklin D. Roosevelt - CORRECT ANSWER-President of the United States during most of the Depression and most of World War II.
expedition to the coast of West Africa in the 15th century, leading Portugal to discover a route around Africa, ultimately to India. Afrikaners - CORRECT ANSWER-South Africans descended from Dutch and French settlers of the seventeenth century. Their Great Trek founded new settler colonies in the nineteenth century. Though a minority among South Africans, they held political power after 1910. Akbar - CORRECT ANSWER-Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India ( 1556 - 1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of peacemaking with Hindus. Alexandria - CORRECT ANSWER-City on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt founded by Alexander. It became the capital of the Hellenistic kingdom of Ptolemy. It contained the famous Library and the Museum and was a center for leading scientific and literary figures in the classical and postclassical eras. All-India Muslim League - CORRECT ANSWER-Political organization founded in India in 1906 to defend the interests of India's Muslim minority. Led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, it attempted to negotiate with the Indian National Congress. Demanded the partition of a Muslim Pakistan. Asante - CORRECT ANSWER-African kingdom on the Gold Coast that expanded rapidly after 1680. A major participant in the Atlantic economy, trading gold, slaves, and ivory. It resisted British imperial ambitions for a quarter century before being absorbed into Britain.
Atlantic - CORRECT ANSWER-After 1500, world economic activity gradually began to shift toward this body of water, contributing to the rise of Western European colonialism and economic dominance in the world. Aztecs - CORRECT ANSWER-Also known as Mexica, they created a powerful empire in central Mexico (1325-1521 C.E.). They forced defeated peoples to provide goods and labor as a tax. Bartolome de Las Casas - CORRECT ANSWER-First bishop of Chiapas, in southern Mexico. He devoted most of his life to protecting Amerindian peoples from exploitation. His major achievement was the New Laws of 1542, which limited the ability of Spanish settlers to compel Amerindians to labor. Beijing - CORRECT ANSWER-China's northern capital, first used as an imperial capital in 906 and now the capital of the People's Republic of China. Bartolomeu Dias - CORRECT ANSWER-Portuguese explorer who in 1488 led the first expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa from the Atlantic and sight the Indian Ocean. Bengal - CORRECT ANSWER-Region of northeastern India. It was the first part of India to be conquered by the British in the eighteenth century and remained the political and economic center of British India throughout the nineteenth century. Today this region includes part of Eastern India and all of Bangladesh.
Champa Rice - CORRECT ANSWER-Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season. Originally introduced into Champa from India, it was later sent to China as a tribute gift by the Champa state (as part of the tributary system.) Charles Darwin - CORRECT ANSWER-English naturalist. He studied the plants and animals of South America and the Pacific islands, and in his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859) set forth his theory of evolution. Chinampas - CORRECT ANSWER-Raised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields. City state - CORRECT ANSWER-A small independent state consisting of an urban center and the surrounding agricultural territory. A characteristic political form in early Mesopotamia, Archaic and Classical Greece, Phoenicia, and early Italy. Colonialism - CORRECT ANSWER-Policy by which a nation administers a foreign territory and develops its resources for the benefit of the colonial power. Conquistadors - CORRECT ANSWER-Early-sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru. (Examples Cortez, Pizarro, Francisco.) Constitutional Convention - CORRECT ANSWER-Meeting in 1787 of the elected representatives of the thirteen original states to write the Constitution of the United States.
Constitutionalism - CORRECT ANSWER-The theory developed in early modern England and spread elsewhere that royal power should be subject to legal and legislative checks. Cossacks - CORRECT ANSWER-Peoples of the Russian Empire who lived outside the farming villages, often as herders, mercenaries, or outlaws. Cossacks led the conquest of Siberia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Cottage industry - CORRECT ANSWER-Weaving, sewing, carving, and other small- scale industries that can be done in the home. The laborers, frequently women, are usually independent. Most manufacturing was done this way before the industrial revolution. Cotton - CORRECT ANSWER-The plant that produces fibers from which many textiles are woven. Native to India, it spread throughout Asia and then to the New World. It has been a major cash crop in various places, including early Islamic Iran, Yi Korea, Egypt, and the US Creoles - CORRECT ANSWER-In colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World. Elsewhere in the Americas, the term is used to describe all nonnative peoples. Crystal Palace - CORRECT ANSWER-Building erected in London, for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Made of iron and glass, like a gigantic greenhouse, it was a symbol of the industrial age.
Deforestation - CORRECT ANSWER-The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves. Democracy - CORRECT ANSWER-system of government in which all 'citizens' (however defined) have equal political and legal rights, privileges, and protections, as in the Greek city-state of Athens in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.E. Demographic Transition,A change in the rates of population growth. Before the transition, both birth and death rates are high, resulting in a slowly growing population; then the death rate drops but the birth rate remains high, causing a population explosion. (867) Driver - CORRECT ANSWER-A privileged male slave whose job was to ensure that a slave gang did its work on a plantation. Economic sanctions - CORRECT ANSWER-Boycotts, embargoes, and other economic measures that one country uses to pressure another country into changing its policies. Telegraph - CORRECT ANSWER-A device for rapid, long-distance transmission of information over an electric wire. It was introduced in England and North America in the 1830s and 1840s. Emilio Aguinaldo - CORRECT ANSWER-Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901.
Emperor Menelik - CORRECT ANSWER-Emperor of Ethiopia (1889-1911). He enlarged Ethiopia to its present dimensions and defeated an Italian invasion at Adowa (1896). Empress Dowager Cixi - CORRECT ANSWER-Empress of China and mother of Emperor Guangxi. She put her son under house arrest, supported anti-foreign movements like the so-called Boxers, and resisted reforms of the Chinese government and armed forces. Enlightenment - CORRECT ANSWER-A philosophical movement in eighteenth- century Europe that fostered the belief that one could reform society by discovering rational laws that governed social behavior and were just as scientific as the laws of physics. Estates General - CORRECT ANSWER-The traditional group of representatives from the three Estates of French society: the clergy, nobility, and commoners. Louis XVI assembled this group to deal with the financial crisis in France at the time, but the 3rd estate demanded more rights and representation. Ethiopia - CORRECT ANSWER-East African highland nation lying east of the Nile River. Ethnic cleansing - CORRECT ANSWER-Effort to eradicate a people and its culture by means of mass killing and the destruction of historical buildings and cultural materials. It was used for example by both sides in the conflicts that accompanied the disintegration of Yugoslavia.
Forbidden City - CORRECT ANSWER-The walled section of Beijing where emperors lived between 1121 and 1924. A portion is now a residence for leaders of the People's Republic of China. Pancho Villa - CORRECT ANSWER-A popular leader during the Mexican Revolution of 1910. An outlaw in his youth, when the revolution started, he formed a cavalry army in the north of Mexico and fought for the rights of the landless in collaboration with Emiliano Zapata. Toussaint L'Ouverture - CORRECT ANSWER-Leader of the Haitian Revolution. He freed the slaves and gained effective independence for Haiti despite military interventions by the British and French. Fransisco Pizarro - CORRECT ANSWER-Spanish explorer who led the conquest of the Inca Empire of Peru in 1531-1533. Neocolonialism - CORRECT ANSWER-Economic dominance of a weaker country by a more powerful one, while maintaining the legal independence of the weaker state. In the late nineteenth century, this new form of economic imperialism characterized the relations between the Latin American republics. Fresco - CORRECT ANSWER-A technique of painting on walls covered with moist plaster. It was used to decorate Minoan and Mycenaean palaces and Roman villas, and became an important medium during the Italian Renaissance.
George Washington - CORRECT ANSWER-Military commander of the American Revolution. He was the first elected president of the United States (1789-1799). Ghana - CORRECT ANSWER-First known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the sixth and thirteenth centuries C.E. Known for it's cold exports. Gold Coast - CORRECT ANSWER-Region of the Atlantic coast of West Africa occupied by modern Ghana; named for its gold exports to Europe from the 1470s onward. Golden Horde - CORRECT ANSWER-Mongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan's. It was based in southern Russia and quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam. Also known as the Kipchak Horde. Gothic Cathedrals - CORRECT ANSWER-Large churches originating in twelfth- century France; built in an architectural style featuring pointed arches, tall vaults and spires, flying buttresses, and large stained-glass windows. Grand Canal - CORRECT ANSWER-The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. Great Circuit - CORRECT ANSWER-The network of Atlantic Ocean trade routes between Europe, Africa, and the Americas that underlay the Atlantic system.
