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ATI MATERNAL NEWBORN EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED PASS BRAND
NEW 2025
endometrium - ANSWER >> innermost lining of uterus, slough off during periods, hold egg when pregnant myometrium - ANSWER >> muscular middle layer of uterus perimetrium - ANSWER >> outer serosal layer of uterus fallopian tubes - ANSWER >> connect ovaries and uterus, site of fertilization menarche - ANSWER >> onset of period, ~12 y/o hormones involved in menstruation - ANSWER >> hypothalamus: GnRH anterior pituitary: FSH and LH ovaries: progesterone and estrogen ovarian cycle - ANSWER >> develops the follicles in the ovaries, resulting in ovulation of an oocyte and forms corpus luteum follicular, ovulation, luteal phases
uterine cycle - ANSWER >> changes the endometrium to prepare for fertilization in response to hormonal changes (lining sheds if fertilization does not occur) proliferative, secretory, ischemic, menstrual phases ovarian cycle: follicular phase (w/ proliferative phase) - ANSWER >> follicles in ovary grow and form mature egg start with release of GnRH and FSH (days 1-14) ovulation surge time frame - ANSWER >> 10 - 12 hr lifespan of mature egg - ANSWER >> 24 hr ovarian cycle: ovulation phase - ANSWER >> when mature follicle ruptures and releases mature egg/oocyte LH hormone (day 14) ovarian cycle: luteal phase - ANSWER >> when ovulation occurs and corpus luteum forms (from oocyte, produces progesterone increasing vascularity), from ovulation until menstruation (day 15-28)
D) progesterone secretion peaks - ANSWER >> B) endometrium thickens proliferative phase is the first phase of the uterine cycle the predominant anterior pituitary hormone that orchestrates the menstrual cycle includes: A) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) B) corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) C) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) D) gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) - ANSWER >> C) FSH which hormone is produced in high levels to prepare the endometrium for implantation just after ovulation by the corpus luteum? A) estrogen B) prostaglandin C) prolactin D) progesterone - ANSWER >> D) progesterone occurs during secretory phase (uterine cycle 2nd phase) behavioral contraception: fertility awareness method- cervical mucus ovulation method - ANSWER >> dry
phase (not fertile): 1-3 days after period, dry or hint of moisture sticky phase (not fertile): day 4-6, white/cloudy sticky globs creamy phase (semi fertile): day 7-9, creamy/cloudy thick clear phase (fertility magic!): day 10-14, like raw egg white, stretchy and slippery behavioral contraception: fertility awareness method- standard days/calendar method - ANSWER >> days 8- 19 is fertility window behavioral contraception: fertility awareness method- basal body temperature - ANSWER >> sharp decline in temperature then spike back up= ovulation (3 day period) behavioral contraception: fertility awareness method - ANSWER >> requires commitment and a regular cycle (must understand when fertile days are to avoid having sex), would work for those who cannot take hormones 25% failure rate barrier contraception: male and female condoms - ANSWER >> only contraception that provides protection against STIs failure rate: 18% (m) and 21% (f) - latex free increases failure rate
hormonal contraception: oral contraceptive - ANSWER >> suppresses ovulation by estrogen and progesterone or just progesterone (good for breastfeeding mothers b/c estrogen decreases milk production) prevent pregnancy by low hormones thinning endometrium thickening mucus 9% failure rate serious complications of oral birth control pills - ANSWER >> ACHES abdominal pain chest pain (SOB) headaches (CVA or HTN) eye problems (HTN) severe leg pain (VTE) most serious issue is blood clot (increases risk with smoking and >35 y/o) AVOID if patient already has risk factors what if a pill is missed? missed 1 pill - ANSWER >> take ASAP, take next pill at regular time no backup contraceptive method is needed what if a pill is missed? missed two pills on week 1 or 2 - ANSWER >> take 2 pills a day for 2 days and finish package use backup contraceptive method for 7 days
what if a pill is missed? missed two pills on week 3 OR 3+ pills - ANSWER >> restart the BC pack use a backup contraceptive method for 7 days hormonal contraception: transdermal patch (E+P) - ANSWER >> place on lower ab/upper outer arm/butt/upper torso (except breast) apply on the same day once a week for 3 weeks, then patch free week (period week) change site when patch is reapplied weight limit: <198 lbs NOT for those w sensitive skin or athletes 9% failure rate hormonal contraception: vaginal ring (E+P) - ANSWER >> inserted for 3 weeks and removed for ring free week (period) 9% failure rate hormonal contraception: injectable (P ONLY) - ANSWER >> given during first 5 days of period cycle injection received every 11-13 weeks 6% failure rate
warnings of potential complications of IUC - ANSWER >> PAINS period late, pregnancy, abnormal spotting/bleeding abdominal pain, pain w sex infection exposure, abnormal vaginal discharge not feeling well, fever, chill string length shorter/longer/missing (possible dislodgement) emergency contraception - ANSWER >> NOT A REGULAR BC METHOD use within 72 hr of unprotected sex DOES NOT induce abortion (if you are already pregnant, will not prevent) SE- N/V (from increased hormones), delayed menses (if none for 3 weeks check for pregnancy) 80% failure rate permanent contraception: vasectomy - ANSWER >> cutting the vas deferens short procedure under local anesthesia sexual function not impaired does not provide immediate contraception- 8 - 16 weeks (check 2 semen analyses to confirm) <1% failure rate
permanent contraception: bilateral tubal ligation - ANSWER >> cutting/blocking the fallopian tubes can be done immediately after childbirth or by a laparoscopic procedure risk for ectopic pregnancy sexual function unaffected <1% failure rate chlamydia trachomatis - ANSWER >> most common bacterial STI curable with antibiotics if untreated can result in PID/ectopic pregnancy/infertility (bc it causes tube swelling) often asymptomatic diagnosed by urine test/vaginal swab test for cure with pregnancy neisseria gonorrhoeae - ANSWER >> 2nd most common STI curable with antibiotic increased risk for PID/infertility/ectopic pregnancy/HIV often asymptomatic linked with chorioamnionitis (inf in placenta), PTL, PROM, postpartum endometritis
genital HSV - ANSWER >> transmitted via contaminated contact (visible or nonvisible lesions) many unaware of DX no cure- antivirals used for suppression can be spread to a newborn during a vaginal delivery if outbreak is occuring HSV primary lesion - ANSWER >> first outbreak, more severe may last 2-3 weeks inguinal lymphadenopathy systemic effects HSV recurrent episode lesions - ANSWER >> milder outbreaks, may last 5 - 7 days tingling, itching, pain, unilateral genital lesion local effect hepatitis b (HBV) - ANSWER >> transmitted via bodily fluids risk factors: multiple sex partners, unprotected anal sex, HX of other STIs, drug use causes cirrhosis DX by blood test, prevent through vaccine if mom is positive, baby gets vaccine and HBIG amenorrhea - ANSWER >> absence of period
during reproductive years primary: absence by 15 y/o with absence of development of secondary sexual characteristics OR absence by 16 y/o with normal development of secondary characteristics secondary: absence when previously menstruated related to another condition or disorder (3 cycles/ months) causes of primary amenorrhea - ANSWER >> extreme weight loss/gain, stress, congenital abnormalities of reproductive system, hypothyroidism, genetic disorder, ovarian or adrenal tumors causes of secondary amenorrhea - ANSWER >> pregnancy, breastfeeding, rapid weight loss/gain, vigorous exercise, emotional stress/depression dysmenorrhea - ANSWER >> painful menstruation (common problem among adolescents), pain starts with bleeding and lasts 48-72 hr
endometriosis risk factors - ANSWER >> family HX in first degree relative, early menarche, few or no pregnancies, aging process, short menstrual cycle, long menstrual flow uterine fibroids - ANSWER >> benign tumor in uterus, rapid growth during childbearing years due to estrogen dependency (therefore shrink during menopause) risk factors for uterine fibroids - ANSWER >> age (late reproductive years- peak 45), genetic predisposition, african american, HTN, nulliparity, obesity uterine fibroid treatment options - ANSWER >> myomectomy (cannot have vaginal delivery after this), laser surgery, uterine artery embolization, hysterectomy, hormones, magnetic resonance focused ultrasound menopause - ANSWER >> natural process ending fertility and menstruation period must be 1 year without period avg age is 51.4 y/o perimenopause - ANSWER >> 2 - 8 yr before menopause, have anovulatory and irregular cycles
absence of menses by the age of 14 without the development of secondary sexual characteristics is diagnostic of which menstrual disorder? A) secondary amenorrhea B) primary dysmenorrhea C) primary amenorrhea D) secondary dysmenorrhea - ANSWER >> C) primary amenorrhea uterine fibroids are benign growths on the uterus that typically presents as an enlarged uterus on a bimanual exam. when do uterine fibroids normally shrink in size? A) menopause B) age 45 C) premenopause D) childbearing years - ANSWER >> A) menopause menopause causes a decrease in estrogen (which fuels the fibroids) fibrocystic breast changes - ANSWER >> response of breast tissue to monthly estrogen and progesterone levels causing fluid filled cysts most common breast disorder affecting women 30-50 (rare in postmenopausal women)
or discolored vulvar lesions, bleeding after menopause, pain/bleeding after intercourse after the lecture about reproductive cancers, the instructor knows teaching was successful when students identify which of the following as the deadliest type of female reproductive cancer? A) vulvar B) ovarian C) endometrial D) cervical - ANSWER >> B) ovarian breast cancer risk factors - ANSWER >> female, 50+ y/o, BRCA 1&2, personal HX of ovarian/colon cancer, nulliparity, HX of breast cancer, previous abnormal breast biopsy, early menarche or late menopause, alcohol consumption or smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle breast cancer lifestyle changes - ANSWER >> change modifiable risk factors, low fat high fiber diet, limit red meat/processed food/sugary drinks/refined sugar, breast cancer screenings
mammogram - ANSWER >> screening tool used to identify and characterize a breast mass and to detect an early malignancy by xray starts at 40 y/o annually goal of breast cancer screenings - ANSWER >> early detection to reduce mortality breast cancer diagnostic procedures - ANSWER >> percutaneous vacuum assisted large gauge core biopsy, fine needle aspiration (single pump of fluid sent to pathology), excisional biopsy breast cancer diagnostic imaging - ANSWER >> mammogram (can reveal a tumor that is too small to palpate), breast ultrasound (can differentiate between a fluid filled cyst and solid mass), breast MRI (may identify a lump or abnormal change seen on a mammogram what female reproductive cancer has the highest mortality secondary to late diagnosis? - ANSWER >> ovarian ovarian cancer risk factors - ANSWER >> middle aged or older postmenopausal, family history, ashkenazi
