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APPLICATION PROGRAMMER TERMS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Process Block - CORRECT ANSWER -Part of a flowchart that tells the program what action to take. Use rectangles to capture process steps like basic tasks or actions in your process
Decision Block - CORRECT ANSWER -The diamond-shaped block used for YES/NO questions. These blocks have two outputs: 1 (for yes) and 2 (for no).
Stored Data block - CORRECT ANSWER -This is a general data storage object used in the process flow as opposed to data which could be also stored on a hard drive, magnetic tape, memory card, of any other storage device.
data block (i/o) - CORRECT ANSWER -The Data object, often referred to as the I/O Shape shows the Inputs to and Outputs from a process. This takes the shape of a parallelogram.
Flowchart Terminal/Terminator - CORRECT ANSWER -The terminator shows where your process begins or ends. You can use words like 'Start', 'Begin', 'End' inside the terminator shape to make things more obvious.
Flowchart Document - CORRECT ANSWER -Document object is a rectangle with a wave-like base. This shape is used to represent a Document or Report in a process flow.
Direct Data - CORRECT ANSWER -Direct Data object in a process flow represents information stored which can be accessed directly. This object represents a computer's hard drive. Usually cylinder or cone shaped laying on its side.
internal storage - CORRECT ANSWER -This is a shape which is commonly found in programming flowcharts to illustrate the information stored in memory, as opposed to on a file. This shape is
often referred to as the magnetic core memory of early computers; or the random access memory (RAM) as we call it today.
sequential access - CORRECT ANSWER -A method of data access used by tape drives, whereby data is written or read sequentially from the beginning to the end of the tape or until the desired data is found. This object takes the shape of a reel of tape. It represents information stored in a sequence, such as data on a magnetic tape.
Manual Input - CORRECT ANSWER -This object is represented by rectangle with the top sloping up from left to right. The Manual Input object signifies an action where the user is prompted for information that must be manually input into a system.
Subroutine - CORRECT ANSWER -A subordinate routine; specifically, a sequence of computer instructions for performing a specified task that can be used repeatedly. The same object is also called a Predefined Process. This means the flowchart for the predefined process has to be already drawn, and you should reference the flowchart for more information.
sequence programming - CORRECT ANSWER -One of the three basic logic structures in computer programming. The other two logic structures are selection and loop.
In a sequence structure, an action, or event, leads to the next ordered action in a predetermined order. The sequence can contain any number of actions, but no actions can be skipped in the sequence.
Selection Programming - CORRECT ANSWER -In a selection structure, a question is asked, and depending on the answer, the program takes one of two courses of action, after which the program moves on to the next event.
This structure is sometimes referred to as an if-then-else because it directs the program to perform in this way: If Condition A is True then perform Action X elseperform Action Y
Polymorphism - CORRECT ANSWER -The concept that objects of different types can be accessed through the same interface. Each type can provide its own, independent implementation of this interface.
Polymorphism gives a way to use a class exactly like its parent so there's no confusion with mixing types. But each child class keeps its own methods as they are.
This typically happens by defining a (parent) interface to be reused. It outlines a bunch of common methods. Then, each child class implements its own version of these methods.
SDLC Analysis - CORRECT ANSWER - Determine user requirements for new system and develop logical system models (i.e., graph ic displays that demonstrate the relationships between resources, activities, and outputs an d outcomes).
"What are the current problems?" This stage of the SDLC means getting input from all stak eholders, including customers, salespeople, industry experts, and programmers. Learn the st rengths and weaknesses of the current system with improvement as the goal.
SDLC: Planning - CORRECT ANSWER - An organization's total information system needs are identified, analyzed, prioritized, and ar ranged.
"What do we want?" In this stage of the SDLC, the team determines the cost and resource s required for implementing the analyzed requirements. It also details the risks involved an d provides sub-plans for softening those risks.
In other words, the team should determine the feasibility of the project and how they can implement the project successfully with the lowest risk in mind.
SDLC: Design - CORRECT ANSWER - A description of the recommended solution is converted into logical and then physical syste m specifications.
"How will we get what we want?" This phase of the SDLC starts by turning the software sp ecifications into a design plan called the Design Specification. All stakeholders then review t his plan and offer feedback and suggestions. It's crucial to have a plan for collecting and in corporating stakeholder input into this document. Failure at this stage will almost certainly result in cost overruns at best and the total collapse of the project at worst.
SDLC Development Phase - CORRECT ANSWER - Involves taking all of the detailed design documents from the design phase and transformin g them into the actual system.
"Let's create what we want."
At this stage, the actual development starts. It's important that every developer sticks to th e agreed blueprint. Also, make sure you have proper guidelines in place about the code sty le and practices.
SDLC Testing - CORRECT ANSWER - Verifies that the system works and meets all of the business requirements defined in the a nalysis phase
1.)Write the test conditions
2.)Perform the testing of the system
"Did we get what we want?" In this stage, we test for defects and deficiencies. We fix thos e issues until the product meets the original specifications.
SDLC Deployment - CORRECT ANSWER -"Let's start using what we got."
It is called binary because each node can have at most two children. The node directly abo ve another node is called its parent. The tree which is a child of a node is called subtree. Elements with no children are called Leaves. The maximum number of nodes from root to l eaf is called the height.
Full Binary Tree - CORRECT ANSWER - A full binary tree (sometimes referred to as a proper or plane binary tree) is a tree in whic h every node in the tree has either 0 or 2 children.
Complete Binary Tree - CORRECT ANSWER - In a complete binary tree every level, except possibly the last, is completely filled, and all n odes in the last level are as far left as possible.
Perfect Binary Tree - CORRECT ANSWER - A perfect binary tree is a binary tree in which all interior nodes have two children and all l eaves have the same depth or same level.
Queue data structure - CORRECT ANSWER - Operates on a (first in, first out) FIFO basis; new elements can be added at the end of the database; removal occurs only at the head.
Adding new elements into queue is called enqueue. Removing an element is called dequeu e
Hash Table - CORRECT ANSWER - A data structure where the calculated value is used to mark the position in the table wher e the data item should be stored using key- value pairs, enabling it to be accessed directly, rather than forcing a sequential search.
Inefficient at sorting data.
linked list - CORRECT ANSWER - a collection of nodes arranged so that each node contains a link (or pointer) to the next n ode in the sequence.
Random access is not allowed with linked list, must access nodes sequentially starting from the first one.
Stack data structure - CORRECT ANSWER - Uses (last in, first out) LIFO basis; elements can be removed and added only to the top of the list. Adding new element is called push and removing is called pop
scalar multiplication - CORRECT ANSWER - the process of multiplying each element of a matrix by a real number or scalar
Addition of Matrices - CORRECT ANSWER - (A + B) = (A) + (B). Just add all the entries together
Matrix Multiplication - CORRECT ANSWER - Performed by multiplying the elements of each row of the first matrix by the elements of each column of the second matrix. Add the products.
Matrix Transpose - CORRECT ANSWER - Returns the transpose of a matrix, switches the rows and columns
Gap buffer - CORRECT ANSWER - A dynamic array that allows efficient insertion and deletion operations clustered near the s ame location
Heap Binary Tree: definition - CORRECT ANSWER - A binary tree with two additional constraints:
SQL LIKE - CORRECT ANSWER -
Useful when specifying a search condition within your WHERE clause.
SELECT * FROM employees
WHERE FirstName LIKE 'A%';
Will return employees with first name starting with A
SQL Custom Names - CORRECT ANSWER -SELECT ct.ID, ord.name
FROM customers AS ct, orders AS ord
inner join - CORRECT ANSWER - Most common type of join; includes rows in the query only when the joined field matches records in both tables.
left outer join - CORRECT ANSWER - A join in which all rows from the table on the left will be included regardless of whether t hey match rows from the table on the right
right outer join - CORRECT ANSWER - A join in which all rows from the table on the right will be included regardless of whether they match rows from the table on the left
SQL Union - CORRECT ANSWER - Used to combine the result sets of two or more SELECT statements returning results witho ut duplicates
SQL Union All - CORRECT ANSWER - Used to combine the result sets of two or more SELECT statements returning results with d uplicates, hence ALL
ALTER TABLE - CORRECT ANSWER -
The SQL command used to make changes to table structure. When the command is followe d by a keyword (ADD or MODIFY), it adds a column or changes column characteristics.
SQL DROP - CORRECT ANSWER -to delete existing database objects or columns
SQL view - CORRECT ANSWER - A window that displays the SQL statement for the current query or is used to create a SQL specific query. When you create a query in design view, Access constructs the SQL equival ent in the SQL view.
