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AQUATIC FACILITY OPERATOR CERTIFIED
POOL OPERATOR ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2024
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
โ Algae. Answer: a simple nuisance plant life that colonizes in water under favorable conditions โ Alkalinity. Answer: A measure of the pH-buffering capacity of water โ Aluminum Sulfate. Answer: Alum; a flocculating agent frequently used as a supplement in rapid sand filters only! โ Ammonia (NH3). Answer: A chemical compound of hydrogen and nitrogen that combines with free chlorine in pools to form chloramines, or combined chlorine. โ Automation. Answer: Electronic equipment that senses water variables (primarliy chlorine, ORP, temperature, and pH) and controls chemical feeder or heater systems to maintain desired levels. โ Backwash. Answer: The process of cleaning a swimming pool filter by reversing the flow of water through it.
โ Balance. Answer: In pools, use to refer to a condition of the water that is neither scaling nore aggressive/corrosive. โ Basic. Answer: Opposite of acidic, a pH condition above 7. โ Bleach (NaCIO). Answer: Sodium hypochlorite, usually 12% strength, "liquid chlorine" for pool use. โ Body Coat (Body Feed). Answer: Biatomaceous earth contimuously added to filter elements during the course of a filter run to help maintain filter efficacy and extend filter runs. โ Breakpoint (Chlorination). Answer: The point in a rising chlorine residual at which the concentration of available chlorine becomes great enough to oxidize most organiz matter, chloramines, and ammonia compounds in a pool. Chlorine added thereafter will be in the uncombined, or free, state. โ Bromine (Br2). Answer: a heavy, dark-reddish-brown liquid in the same chemical family as chlorine gas. It is sometimes used as a bactericide in pools, usually in a solid-compound or salt form. โ Calcification (see also Scale). Answer: Formation of calcium carbonate on walls of pools or pipes, or in a filter or heater, due to precipitation of calcium carbonate.
โ Chloramine (Combined Chlorine). Answer: Compounds formed when chlorine combines with ammonia from urine, perspiration, and other organics. Causes eye and skin irritation, as well as unpleasant odors. โ Chlorination. Answer: The act of adding chlorine. โ Chlorinator. Answer: A chemical-fee device for automatic addition of chlorine to pool water. โ Chlorine (CI2). Answer: A chemical element in the Halide family used for disinfection in swimming pools. A heavy, green, highly poisonous gas compressed into liquid form and stored in pressurized steel tanks. Amouont of chlorine necessary to oxidize all organic matter present in pool water at any given moment, or over a period of time. โ Chlorine Dioxide (CIO2). Answer: A synthetic, green-yellowish gas that has strong oxidation and disinfection potential. โ Chlorine Residual. Answer: Amount of available chlorine remaining in pool water after the chlorine demand has been satisfied. โ Circulation. Answer: A term representing the reoccurring flow of water through a filter or pumping system
โ Clarity. Answer: The degree of transparency of pool water, sometimes expressed as National Turbidity Units (NTU) โ Coagulation. Answer: The neutralization of the charges of suspended colloidal mater resulting in clumping; sometimes also call flocculation. โ Combined Chlorine (See also Chloramine). Answer: Chlorine that is combined with another substance, usually ammonia, to produce chloramines. combined chlorine is much less effective than "free" chlorine. โ Conductivity. Answer: A measurement of water's ability to conduct electricity and is used to indicate the amount of dissolved solids in the water. Typically measured in micro Siemens (mS) โ Condensing-Type Pool Heaters. Answer: A high-efficiency heater that makes use of the condensate created by the burning of gas that allows for latent heat to be collected from the vaporization from the water. Achieves approximately 95% efficiency. โ Cyanuric Acid (CYA). Answer: 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triol; also known as stabilizer or conditioner. Slows the destruction of chlorine in pool water by sunlight. Also reduced the effectiveness of chlorine.
โ Eviseration. Answer: A medical term for damage to a person's digestive track caused by suction of an uncovered or unprotected bottom drain. โ Feet or Head. Answer: A basic measurement of resistance to flow in a hydraulic system -- equivalent to the height of a column of water that would cause the same resistance/pressure. โ Filter Cartridge. Answer: A pleated element, usually of fibrous material, used as a filter septum in some pool filters with a recommended filter rate of 1-2 gpm/ft โ Filter Cycle (Filter Run). Answer: The time of filter operation between backwash procedures. โ Filter Diffuser. Answer: A shower-head-like device inside the top of a sand-filter tank attached to the influent piping -- distributes the water evenly over the top of the sand bed. โ Filter Element. Answer: A filter cartridge, or that single part of a multiport diatomite filter, upon which the filter media is deposited. โ Filter Media. Answer: Any fine-grain material that entraps suspended particles as water passes through.
โ Filter Septum. Answer: That part of a filter on which D.E. or similar filter media is deposited -- consisting of clotch, wire screen, or other fine mesh material. โ Float Valve. Answer: A valve controlled by the level of a fluid. Typically associated with autofill systems that regulate freshwater fill or chemical-tank-level controls. โ FLOC or Flocculate. Answer: The process of agglomerating coagulated particles into settleable flocs, usually of a gelatinous nature. โ Flow. Answer: The rate of the movement of water, typically in gallons per minute (gpm) โ Flow Meter. Answer: A device for measuring the rate of the movement of liquid. โ Gage & Bidwell Law of Dilution. Answer: A clasic study of circulation and dilution that illustrates that less than half of all the water in a pool goes through the filter system in one turnover โ GPM or gpm. Answer: Gallons per minute.
โ Ion. Answer: A positively or negatively charged atom or molegule, usually in water โ Ionization. Answer: The process whereby a compound, in solution, separates into charged ions (atoms or radicals). โ Isocyanurate. Answer: Types of chlorine compounds that contain cyanuric acid โ Laminar Flow. Answer: The smooth, non-turbulent movement of water in a pipe โ Lateral. Answer: A single element in a row of slotted pipes at the bottom of a sand filter tank that collects the filtered water and sends it out of the tank. โ Lifeline. Answer: A rope line, often with floats, across a pool to designate a change in slope in the pool bottom or the beginning of deep water. Usually marks a water depth of 4.5 feet. โ Lithium Hypochlorite (LiCIO). Answer: A lithium-based dry chlorine product with a pH of ~10 in water
โ Low-Pressure Ultraviolet (LPUV) & Low-Pressure Amalgam Ultraviolet. Answer: High-intensity UV light with a spectrum of 254 nm. Used to destroy chloramines and inactivate bacteria, viruses, and protozoan cysts. โ Medium-Pressure Ultravoilet (MPUV). Answer: High-Intensity UV light with a spectrum of 175 nm to 315 nm. Used to destroy chloramines and inactivate bacteria, viruses, and protozoan cysts. โ Millivolt (mV). Answer: One thousandth of a volt; unit of electromotive force, or difference of potential. Used to indicate an ORP value. โ Modulating Float Valve. Answer: A float valve located on the main drain pipe in the bottom of a surge tank. The valve automatically regulates the amount of water flowing into the surge tank via the main drain in order to maintian a high enough water level in the pool to ensure water flows int he perimeter gutter system. โ Muriatic Acid (HCI). Answer: A dilute solution of hydrochloric acid (~20%) commonly used in pools to lower pH. โ Oxidation. Answer: Chemical reaction in which an element or compound reductant, loses electrons to an oxidizing agent resulting in a chemical change.
โ Positive Displacement. Answer: A pump characterized by its ability to displace a predetermined amount of liquid per stroke or pump-head rotation โ Potassium Monopersulfate (KHSO5). Answer: A non-chlorine oxidizer for swimming pools. Does not sanitize. โ Potentiometric. Answer: Electronic technology designed to read sanitizer quantity through voltage measurements. โ Pounds per square inch (PSI). Answer: Measurement of pressure in pounds per square inch. โ Precipitation. Answer: The appearance of an insoluble solid compound (such as calcium carbonate), as result of chemical action in a solution. โ Precoat (D.E. Filters). Answer: Layer of D.E. deposited on the filter septa at the beginning of a filter run. โ Pseudomonas. Answer: Pseudomonas aeruginoza: a bacterium capable of causing infection in open sores, pores and other orifices. Commonly called "hot-tub itch" โ Reagent. Answer: A chemical used in water testing
โ Recirculation. Answer: A term used to describe the continued and repeated circulation of pool or spa water. โ Regenerative D.E. Filters. Answer: A variance in D.E. filter allows for the shaking of the filter elements to redistribute the D.E. or other fiver filter media to lengthen filter runs. โ Ryznar Stability Index. Answer: A water index reflecting the ecaluation of thousants of water systems -- allows for predicting the scaling or corrosive tendencies of pool water. โ Sanitation. Answer: The process of destroying pathogens in pool water โ Scale. Answer: The precipitation of dissolved solids, typically calcium or sodium, on the walls of pools, in pipes, in filters, and in heaters. โ Schedule 40, 80 PVC. Answer: PVC Pipe grades, by weiht or thickness, with 80 being the thickest and strongest used in pools. โ Soda Ash (Na2CO3). Answer: Sodium carbonate; a common water treating chemical powder used to raise pH.
โ Splash Pad. Answer: A new water attraction that usually includes sprayers, water cannons, and mushroom showers; does not have an exposed pool but has a below-ground reservoir. โ Stabilizer. Answer: Cyanuric Acid; conditioner; isocyanurate; material that protects chlorine in pool water from dissipating due to sunlight. โ Superchlorination. Answer: The elevating of chlorine in pool water, usually to reach breakpoint or as a remedial action in response to a fecal accident or to control algae bloom. โ Surge. Answer: Displacement of water ina pool by static (displacement) and dynamic (wave) action โ Surge capacity. Answer: The storage volume in a surge pit and gutter. โ Surge Pit. Answer: A tank below the level of the pool that receives surge water form a swimming pool. Water in the surge tank typically collected by a perimeter gutter system and main drain. โ Telemetry. Answer: Refers to the new abilities of automatic control equipment that allows for contacting entities away from the facility via email, text messages, and land-line via wireless modems; the Internet; and building management systems
โ Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Answer: Total dissolved solids, expressed in ppm of metals and minerals in solution. Typically calculated by measuring conductivity of the water or directly with the use of a TDS meter โ Tri-Sodium-Phosphate (TSP). Answer: A commercial cleaner, often used for D.E. filter elements โ Trichloro-S-Triazine-Trione. Answer: Trichlor; a solid, stabilized chlorinating product that has a pH of ~3 in water โ Turbidity. Answer: Cloudiness in pool water caused by solid particles of microscopic size or tiny air bubbles. โ Turbine. Answer: Type of centrifugal pump/impeller arrangement creating high pressure. โ Turnover. Answer: The time it takes for an amount of water equal to the total volume of the pool to pass through the filter system. Also see Gage and Bidwell. โ Ultraviolet (UV). Answer: Light spectrum of higher frequency than visible; a radiant sanitizer
โ Volute. Answer: Pump Housing, containing the impeller โ Volume (How to calculate). Answer: Capacity in pools; expressed as length times width times average depth. โ Weir. Answer: A spillover device used to measure or control water flow; found in skimmers and perimeter gutter systems. โ
