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AQUATIC FACILITY OPERATOR
COMPREHENSIVE TEST PAPER 2026
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
โ OSHA has estimated that more than ____ million workers are exposed to 650,000 hazardous chemical products in more than ___ million American workplaces. Answer: 32; 3 โ the basic goal of Hazard Communication Program is:. Answer: to ensure that employers and workers know about work hazards and how to protect themselves โ Recreational Water Illnesses. Answer: spread by swallowing, breathing or having contact with contaminated water from swimming pools, spas, hot tubs, etc. โ symptoms of RWI's. Answer: - gastrointestinal, skin, ear, respiratory, eye, neurologic and wound infections
- most common: diarrhea โ what inactivates crypto?. Answer: UV, ozone and chlorine dioxide inactivate
โ giardia can be destroyed within ___ min at 1ppm of free chlorine at pH of ____ or less. Answer: 45; 7. โ shigella is present in. Answer: the diarrheal stools of infected persons โ shigellosis usually lasts - days. Answer: 5- 7 โ protozoa. Answer: cryptosporidium giardia โ bacteria. Answer: shigella E. coli โ viruses. Answer: norovirus adenovirus hepatitis a โ what is the response for formed stool?. Answer: 1. raise the free available chlorine level to 2 ppm and ensure the pH is 7.5 or less at 77 deg. or higher
- maintain the chlorine concentration for at least 25 min before opening the pool
โ free chlorine. Answer: the active available disinfectant in the water FC= HoCl + OCl- โ combined chlorine. Answer: forms when free chlorine reacts with 2 types of contaminants in the water โ pathogens. Answer: bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoan parasites โ available chlorine content (acc). Answer: - comparison of the relative amount of chlorine released into water for different chlorine disinfectants
- developed using chlorine gas as the standard reference of 100% โ active chlorine percentage. Answer: the percentage by weight of the technical grade active ingredient in the product โ how does sodium hypochlorite raise the water's Total Dissolved Solids?. Answer: by adding sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions to the water โ sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Answer: - liquid chlorine releasing disinfectant that is the most common disinfectant used
- active strength: 10-12%
- ACC 10-12%
- pH 9- 14 โ calcium hypochlorite is used to. Answer: superchlorinate the water โ calcium hypochlorite. Answer: - dry form of chlorine
- class 3 oxidizer
- continuous use may result in high calcium levels
- pH 8.5- 11 โ lithium hypochlorite (LiOCl). Answer: - dry, granular compound of chlorine
- rapidly and completely soluble
- use for superchlorination
- class 1 oxidezer โ chlorine generation. Answer: in line generation brine method โ chlorine gas. Answer: - effective disinfectant
โ unstabilized disinfectants. Answer: - aka inorganic disinfectants
- sensitive to UV radiation and sunlight
- easily automated and controlled by an oxidation reduction potential โ stabilized disinfectants. Answer: - contain cyanuric acid as part of their molecular structure โ trichlor. Answer: - dry compound
- class 1 oxidizer
- low solubility
- lowers the total alkalinity and pH over time
- stabilizes
- releases cyanuric acid into the water โ dichlor. Answer: - anhydrous
- dichlor dihydrate
- a salt, very soluble
- used to superchlorinate pool and raise stabilizer level โ anhydrous dichlor. Answer: - no water is bound to molecule
- class 3 oxidizer
โ dichlor dihydrate. Answer: class 1 oxidizer โ bromine. Answer: - disinfectant
- oxidizer
- reddish brown liquid โ hypobromous acid (HOBr). Answer: - weak acid
- destroyed by sunlight โ bromine tablets (BCDMH). Answer: - when dissolved in water, HOBr acid and HOCl acid are released โ ozone (O3). Answer: - supplemental oxidizer and disinfectant
- cannot be transported and must be generated on site
- venturi injection is the most common way to dissolve ozone into water โ ultraviolet light. Answer: - supplemental oxidizer and disinfectant
- does not create a disinfectant residual in water
- must be used in conjunction with a disinfectant that provides a residual
- kills/inactivates bacteria, viruses and parasites like crypto and giardia
โ the smaller the pH the more ____ the solution. Answer: acidic โ water that has a pH of 6 is ___ times more acidic than water that has a pH of 7. Answer: 10 โ what is the acceptable pH of pool/spa water that is slightly alkaline?. Answer: 7.2-7. โ ideal range for pH is. Answer: 7.4-7. โ to lower the pH add. Answer: acids or acid salts such as bisulfate โ to increase pH add. Answer: a basic material most common, sodium carbonate other bases: sodium hydroxide, sodium sesquicarbonate โ total alkalinity. Answer: - a measure of the ability of water to resist changes in pH
- is a buffer
- like an anchor for keeping pH where it should be โ the ideal total alkalinity for high pH disinfectants is. Answer: 80- 100 ppm
โ the ideal total alkalinity for low pH disinfectants is. Answer: 100- 120 ppm โ water will exhibit pH bounce when the total alkalinity is ___. Answer: low โ low total alkalinity may result in. Answer: pH bounce etching of pool/spa surface staining of surface walls heater failure โ high total alkalinity may result in. Answer: pH lock cloudy water rough pool/spa surfaces clogged filters clogged heater elementes reduced circulation โ total hardness. Answer: the sum of calcium and magnesium
โ bleach disinfectant makes the pH ______.. Answer: rise โ as TDS increases, the amount of partially oxidized and unoxidized organic contaminants ____________.. Answer: increases โ galvanic corrosion is observed by the. Answer: discoloration of metal parts in the water โ it is recommended that the TDS should not exceed _______ ppm higher than the TDS when the pool was started up.. Answer: 1, โ excessively _______ levels of TDS will cause the water to look dull or tired and may exhibit a bad or salty taste.. Answer: high โ saturation index (SI) is. Answer: a method of determining whether water will deposit calcium carbonate or maintain it in solution. โ the ideal SI result is an SI= ___. Answer: 0 โ in balanced water, the SI should be between ___ and ___. Answer: - .3 and +. โ in corrosive water, the SI should be ___ and lower.. Answer: -.
โ in scaling water, the SI should be ____ and higher.. Answer: +. โ SI=. Answer: Tf + pH + Cf + Af - TDSf โ ryznar stability index (RSI) is used to. Answer: judge how to maintain calcium carbonate water balance and reduce metal corrosion โ RSI estimates. Answer: the degree to which calcium carbonate deposits, or scales on surfaces, or dissolves/corrodes calcium carbonate from the surface โ the most common use of RSI is to. Answer: minimize metal corrosion through calcium carbonate's providing a protective coating on the metal surface โ the maximum combined chlorine in a pool is ___ ppm. Answer: 0. โ the maximum combined chlorine in spas is ___ ppm. Answer: 0. โ combined chlorine (CC)=. Answer: total chlorine (TC) - free chlorine (FC)
โ oxidation. Answer: the process of changing the chemical structure of contaminants so they are more readily removed from the water โ if the water looks dull or hazy, treating the water with an _________ often helps improve water clarity. Answer: oxidizer โ shock/superchlorination products. Answer: oxidize and disinfect โ shock oxidizers are products that release:. Answer: an oxidizer but not a disinfectant โ potassium monopersulfate. Answer: - dry, solid, granular, non chlorine oxidizer
- aka monopersulfate
- helps prevent CC from forming
- reduces the pH โ potassium monopersulfate is commonly used as an. Answer: oxidizing shock oxidizes inorganic and organic contaminants โ the recommended dose of potassium monopersulfate is:. Answer: 1 pound per 10,000 gallons based on an active strength of 42.8%
โ what are some common colors found in pool water when dissolved metals are present?. Answer: green red brown black โ a turbid green pool is usually the result of an _______ problem.. Answer: algae โ a translucent green pool is most likely caused by the presence of _______ in the water.. Answer: copper ions โ a reddish brown tint in the water is due to _____ or __________.. Answer: iron or manganese โ _____ can exhibit brown, dark red or black brown water color.. Answer: iron โ _________ can show as a brownish black color in water.. Answer: manganese โ low pH makes water corrosive to copper metal, forming water- soluble copper ions. T or F. Answer: true
โ most frequently used clarifiers are:. Answer: cationic clarifiers โ most common causes for cloudy water:. Answer: improper filtration insufficient water circulation poor water chemistry โ the most common inorganic water clarifier is:. Answer: aluminum sulfate (alum) โ what contributes to the formation of foam?. Answer: quaternary algicides organic wastes suntan lotions body deodorants cosmetics โ foam generally occurs when the calcium hardness is ___ ppm or below. Answer: 100 โ green algae are:. Answer: the most common and most easily controlled
โ black algae are usually found;. Answer: growing on pool walls in area of poor circulation โ yellow algae often require treatment with:. Answer: specially formulated algicide โ what are the nutrients needed for algae to grow?. Answer: carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen phosphorous โ types of algicides. Answer: quaternary polymeric metallic ammonium sulfate sodium bromide sodium tetraborate โ
