The project for rebuilding Old St Peter’s which Julius entrusted to Bramante in 1506
was monumentally daring. Bramante thus provided a centrally-planned building like
his Tempietto, though now enlarged to a superhuman scale. It is fundamentally a
Greek cross with each arm terminating in an apse and with a gigantic Pantheon dome
on a colonnaded drum over the crossing. There were minor domes on the corners of
the cross and tall campanili flanking the main facade. However, the plan is further
complicated by the transformation of the four corner chapels into secondary Greek
crosses, thus creating a square ambulatory round the central domed space. What had
been completed of this scheme in 1514 was the lower part of the great crossing piers
and the setting out of the coffered arches connecting them and supporting the dome.
The present dome of St Peter’s still rests on Bramante’s piers and crossing arches,
despite the rejection of his design for the rest of the church. The massive modelling of
his work was on a scale unequalled since antiquity. The inadequate provision for large
congregations in centrally-planned or Greek-cross churches, in comparison with that
provided by basilican or Latin-cross churches, led to proposals to modify Bramante’s
design for St Peter’s after his death by the addition of a nave. One of the most
ambitious of these schemes, which include submissions by Raphael and Peruzzi, can
be seen in the wooden model made in the 1540s from designs by Antonio da Sangallo
the Younger (1485—1546). However Sangallo’s numerous storeys, repetitively
ornamented with the orders on a small scale, recall Geoffrey Scott’s criticism of the
Victoria and Albert Museum in London that ‘while we perceive this building to be
large, it conveys a feeling not of largeness but of smallness multiplied’.Perhaps the
only architect who could think on Bramante’s heroic scale was Michelangelo, who
succeeded Antonio da Sangallo as architect in 1546. By the time of his death in 1564
he had brought much of St Peter’s to completion following a modified version of
Bramante’s centralized plan. His work, which we shall describe in due course,
included the construction of the drum up to the springing of the dome, which he
proposed to execute with an aspiring slightly pointed profile. This was executed in the
1580s by Giacomo della Porta and Domenico Fontana, while the long nave and west
front were added by Carlo Maderno in the first half of the seventeenth century as the
final triumph of the Latin-cross plan.
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尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤 1540 尤尤尤 Antonio da Sangallo the Younger尤1485-1546尤尤尤
尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤Sangallo 尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤 Geoffrey Scott 尤尤
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尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤 1546 尤尤尤尤尤尤尤·尤·尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤尤 1564 尤尤
