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ARRT Practice exam - core ARRT Practice exam - core, Exams of Medicine

A.T. Still University of Health Sciences (ATSU)Medicine

ARRT Practice exam - core ARRT Practice exam - core

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 11/02/2023

DrShirleyAurora
DrShirleyAurora ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ

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ARRT Practice exam - core
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the link between radiation dose and
genetic effects?
1. The link has been demonstrated in human studies.
2. The link has been demonstrated in animal studies.
3. Increased risk to humans cannot be predicted with respect to an individual. -
โ€† โ€† โ€† โ€† 2 and 3 only
Which of the following changes in kabob will result in the greatest reduction of patient dose
when mAs is adjusted to compensate for the change?
A. Decrease kVp by 30%
B. Decrease kVp by 15%
C. Increase kVp by 15%
D. Increase kVp by 30% -
โ€† โ€† โ€† โ€† D. Increase kVp by 30%
Which of the following IR system speeds will result in the lowest patient dose? -
โ€† โ€† โ€† โ€† B. Faster-speed IR system
What is the primary purpose of using gonad shields during radiography? -
โ€† โ€† โ€† โ€† Reduce the likelihood of genetic effects
Which of the following are types of gonad shields?
1. Aperture
2. Contact
3. Shadow -
โ€† โ€† โ€† โ€† 2 and 3 only
When should gonad shielding be used? -
โ€† โ€† โ€† โ€† When the gonads are within 5 cm of the radiation field.
The greatest cause of unnecessary radiation to patients that can be controlled by the limited
operator is: -
โ€† โ€† โ€† โ€† repeat exposures
The limited operator can reduce repeat exposures by: -
โ€† โ€† โ€† โ€† clearly instructing patients
How does x-ray beam restriction minimize patient exposure? -
โ€† โ€† โ€† โ€† It limits the radiation field to the area of interest.
What is a device that allows the limited operator to vary the size of the radiation field? -
โ€† โ€† โ€† โ€† Collimator
How does filtration reduce patient exposure? -
โ€† โ€† โ€† โ€† Removes longer-wavelength photons
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ARRT Practice exam - core

Which of the following statements are correct regarding the link between radiation dose and genetic effects?

  1. The link has been demonstrated in human studies.
  2. The link has been demonstrated in animal studies.
  3. Increased risk to humans cannot be predicted with respect to an individual. - 2 and 3 only Which of the following changes in kabob will result in the greatest reduction of patient dose when mAs is adjusted to compensate for the change? A. Decrease kVp by 30% B. Decrease kVp by 15% C. Increase kVp by 15% D. Increase kVp by 30% - D. Increase kVp by 30% Which of the following IR system speeds will result in the lowest patient dose? - B. Faster-speed IR system What is the primary purpose of using gonad shields during radiography? - Reduce the likelihood of genetic effects Which of the following are types of gonad shields?
  4. Aperture
  5. Contact
  6. Shadow - 2 and 3 only When should gonad shielding be used? - When the gonads are within 5 cm of the radiation field. The greatest cause of unnecessary radiation to patients that can be controlled by the limited operator is: - repeat exposures The limited operator can reduce repeat exposures by: - clearly instructing patients How does x-ray beam restriction minimize patient exposure? - It limits the radiation field to the area of interest. What is a device that allows the limited operator to vary the size of the radiation field? - Collimator How does filtration reduce patient exposure? - Removes longer-wavelength photons

What is the NCRP recommendation for the amount of total filtration? - 2.5 mm AL equiv What are the three principal methods used to protect limited operators from unnecessary radiation exposure? - Time, distance, shielding Which of the following is not a type of personal radiation shielding? A. Apron B. Glove C. Thyroid shield D. Shadow - Shadow Personnel shielding must be worn on the rare occasion during which the limited operator may need to remain in the radiographic room during an exposure to assist the patient in maintaining the proper position. What is the source of the greatest radiation hazard under this circumstance? - Scattered radiation from the patient What is the term for radiation that escapes from the x-ray tube housing? - Leakage radiation Why are limited operators prohibited from activities that result in direct exposure to the primary x-ray beam? - They are considered occupationally exposed individuals. Distance, as a method used to limit operator exposure, means that: - the operator should maximize the distance from the source during an exposure. shielding worn for personnel protection is designed to attenuate what source of exposure - Scatter radiation Which of the following is an acronym for a common type of personnel dosimeter? - TLD What is the recommended placement for a personnel dosimeter on the body of the limited operator? - The badge should be worn in the region of the collar on the anterior surface of the body and outside the lead apron, if worn. What is the NCRP recommended annual effective dose limit for occupational exposure? - 5.0 rem (0.05 Sv) What is the NCRP recommended monthly effective dose limit to the fetus of a pregnant worker?

When radiation exposure occurs during pregnancy, the greatest risk of birth defects occurs when the exposure:

  1. exceeds 5 rad to the uterus.
  2. occurs within the first trimester of pregnancy.
  3. occurs within the third trimester of pregnancy. - 1 and 2 only At what kVp levels do Compton interactions occur? - they occur throughout the diagnostic radiology kVp range What is the principal source of scatter radiation in radiography? - the patient What are the four essential elements required for x-ray production - A target, a vacuum, an electron source, and a high potential difference The greatest portion of the x-ray beam is made up of: - bremsstrahlung radiation The penetrating power of the x-ray beam is controlled by varying the - kVp Which of the following functions involve the autotransformer? - kVp selection What is the IR that is used for computed radiography - Photostimulable phosphor plate (PSP) Nearly all new x-ray machines manufactured today use _________________ generators - high-frequency The target of the x-ray tube is made of: - Tungsten What is the standard control limit for the field light to radiation field alignment test? - +/- 2% of SID What is the standard control limit for the beam (central ray) alignment test? - Within 1 degree of perpendicular How often should lead aprons and gloves be checked for cracks or holes? - Every 6 months how can detector fog be prevented when using computed radiography cassettes - Protect the cassette before and after exposure

Which of the following will result in increased receptor exposure?

  1. Increased mA
  2. Increased exposure time
  3. Increased kVp - 1, 2, and 3 If the radiographic image is overexposed, which of the following changes in exposure factors should be used to correct the problem? - Decrease the mAs The relationship between SID and beam intensity is expressed in the: - inverse square law What are the four primary factors of radiographic quality? - Receptor exposure, contrast, spatial resolution, and distortion Contrast is primarily controlled by altering the: - kVp Scatter radiation fog affects radiographic quality by causing: - decreased contrast A change from the small focal spot to the large focal spot will result in: - decreased spatial resolution An increase in object-image receptor distance (OID) will result in - increased magnification motion of the patient, the tube, or the IR during the exposure will result in decreased - spatial resolution What does quantum mottle (noise) look like on a radiographic image? - Finely speckled or grainy areas Quantum mottle with a digital imaging system is caused by - the mAs being set too low Which of the following will increase spatial resolution?
  4. Increase in SID
  5. Increase in OID
  6. Decrease in focal spot size - 1 and 3 only What is the appearance of a high signal-to-noise ration (SNR) image? - Highly detailed, with very little quantum mottle

Distortion What is the recommendation for a hard-copy image that is mislabeled? - A sticker with the correct information should be applied to the hard copy image. Which of the following will result in a screen or film image with low density? - IR exposure with an mAs less than needed for the particular anatomic structures Which of the following will result in a screen or film image with low contrast? - IR with a kVp higher than needed for the particular anatomic structures When viewing a digital image on a monitor, how do you determine if the proper mAs was selected - Evaluate the exposure index value Which of the following will result in an image with poor spatial resolution? - Patient motion Which of the following will result in an image with excessive magnification of image structures?

  • IR exposure at an OID greater than recommended for a particular body part Which of the following will result in an image with excessive distortion of anatomic structures? - Improper central ray angulation for the selected radiographic projection Poor film or screen contact is seen on a radiograph as a decrease in what radiographic quality factor - Recorded detail or spatial resolution Which screen/film image artifact looks like lightning? - static artifact Which of the following would be a violation of patient confidentiality? - A limited operator talks to his or her friend during lunch about a patient's imaging procedure Which of the following are true regarding informed consent?
  1. Informed consent may be revoked at any time.
  2. The patient must be legally competent to sign.
  3. The patient may sign an incomplete form and the blanks may be filled in later by the physician. - 1 and 2 only A limited operator innocently commits an error as a result of following the orders of his or her employer, a physician. The employer may be held responsible according to the - doctrine of respondeat superior

Communication has been "validated" when the speaker has: - received a response from the listener that demonstrates comprehension Which of the following is not a form of non-verbal communication? - speaking Mrs. Elizabeth Dunbar is 86 years old and a bit confused. She is most likely to respond appropriately if you address her as: - Mrs. Dunbar Which of the following are correct statements of proper body mechanics?

  1. Use a broad stance
  2. Turn and lift using your back muscles
  3. Carry heavy objects close to your body. - 1 and 3 only What type of disease transmission is possible when the limited operator does not clean the Bucky device after performing an examination on a patient with influenza? - Indirect contact or fomite transmission Standard precautions involve the use of barriers whenever contact is anticipated with:
  4. blood
  5. body fluids
  6. mucous membranes - 1, 2, and 3 The process of reducing the probability that infectious organisms will be transmitted to a susceptible individual is called: - asepsis A health care worker's single best protection against disease is: - frequent hand washing a limited operator who does not change linens between patients is - providing an opportunity for fomite transmission What is anapylaxis? - A severe allergic reaction What is the basic life support system used to ventilate the lungs and circulate the blood in the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest? - CPR When a patient in cardiac arrest presents with a rapid, weak and ineffective heart-beat, what device is used to return the heart to a normal rhythm? - AED