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ARRT Practice Questions
What radiographic procedure must you use sterile gloves for touching items on the tray? - Myelogram Written defamation of character is known as? - Libel Which drug would you administer when a patient develops urticaria? - Antihistamine What is another name for hives? - Urticaria A skin rash triggered by a reaction to food, medicine, or other irritants. - Hive Or Urticaria Transmission of an infection by insects such as a tick or mosquito is known as a? - Vector When an object is free of all microorganisms it is termed? - Sterile Why is the IV bag 18 to 20 inches above the level of the vein? - To prevent the backflow of blood into the tubing which forms a clot and obstructs the flow of the IV fluid An inanimate object that is been in contact with an infectious organism is a? - Fomite a specific situation in which a drug, procedure, or surgery should not be used because it may be harmful to the person. - Contraindication The main advantage of using non-ionic water-soluble contrast media on the patient would be? - Fewer adverse reactions What type of radiographic procedure requires an intrathecal injection? - Myelogram ______ is a route of administration for drugs via an injection into the spinal canal - intrathecal
Which gauge size has the biggest lumen? - The smallest number gauge has the biggest lumen If the CR is angled 40ยฐ Cephalic what projection of the calcareous so calcis are you taking? - Plantodorsal Projection In the thoracic cavity each lung is enclosed in a? - Pleura Which projection of the foot will best demonstrate the long arch? - Lateralmedial erect or weight-bearing In the AP axial projection Townes of the skull with the CR directed 30ยฐ caudal to the OML and passing midway between the EAM which structures best demonstrated? - Occipital Bone not alive, especially not in the manner of animals and humans. objects like stones showing no sign of life; lifeless. - inanimate An imaging examination that involves the introduction of a spinal needle into the spinal canal and the injection of contrast material in the space around the spinal cord and nerve roots (the subarachnoid space) using a real-time form of x-ray called fluoroscopy. - Myelogram The best way to control voluntary motion is? - Careful explanation of the procedure to the patient What is demonstrated on the oblique position of the cervical spine? - Intervertebral foramina In relation to the Esophagus the trachea is located where? - The trachea is anterior in relation to the esophagus Which position will demonstrate the right axillary ribs? - RPO Or LAO The manubrial notch is located at the level of? - T2-t3 interspace
If the greater tubercle is in profile then the humorous is in which rotation? - External What type of fracture is it called when a bone is driven into another bone? - Impacted No grid (Times mAs by...) - 1 5: (Times mAs by...) - 2 6:1 - 3 8:1 - 4 Most commonly used 12:1 - 5 16:1 - 6 Density Maintenance Formula - mAs1 = D1 squared mAs2 D2 squared Inverse square law - I1= D2 squared I2 D1 squared What is the establish fetal does limit guideline for pregnant radiograph's during the entire gestation period? - 0.5 rem 5 mSv 500mrem
What should you use if you have to restrain a child or infant in order to perform a procedure? - Restraining them with the use of a mechanical device if you cannot use a mechanical device have the patients father hold the child According to the NCRP the annual occupational full body does equipment limit is? - 5 rem 50 mSv 5000mrem How will the x-ray photons intensity be affected if the SID is doubled? - The intensity of the beam will decrease four times this is known as the inverse square law If the patient received 2000 MRAD during a 10 minute fluoro exam how much exposure will the patient recieve in five-minutes? - 1000 Mrad which is half of what they received in 10 minutes The photo electric effect is an interaction between x-ray photons and... - And inner shell electron What is recommended for the pregnant radiographer to use as far as the dosimeter badge? - Wear one dosimeter badge outside the lead apron at the collar level and one dosimeter badge inside the lead apron at the level of the waist so A total of two badges are worn and these badges position should never be interchanged What is likely to occur if 25 Rad is delivered to fetus in early pregnancy? - Spontaneous abortion will occur if 25 rad were to be delivered to fetus during the second through the 10th week skeletal abnormalities may appear How does filtration affect the primary beam? - It increases the average energy of the primary beam by filtering out the low-energy photons The unit of measurement used to express occupational exposure is the? - REM (seivert) The unit of absorbed dose is? - Rad (gray) Biologic material is most sensitive to irradiation under which condition? - Oxygenated The reduction in the intensity of the x-ray beam as it passes through a material is termed? -
What does a penetimeter evaluate? - Penumbra Edge blur - Penumbra Field of view (FoV)/ matrix = - Pixel Size As matrix size increases pixel size - Decreases mAs controls - Density KVP controls - Contrast Windowing - Changing image brightness Contrast Scale A star pattern tests what? - Focal spot size In three phase equipment half of the expected arc is a sign of? - Rectifier failure For three-phase equipment a synchronous spinning top test is used to check? - Rectifier function and test timer accuracy In a three phase equipment full-wave rectified current should have a____degree arc per second - 360 A gentle curve usually has___speed,____contrast, and___latitude. - Slow Low Wide Hypovolemic - Shock caused by lack of blood The conversion of the latent image into a manifested image takes place in the? -
Developer Decreasing film size from 14 x 17 to 8 x 10" will do what? - Decrease radiographic density and decrease the amount of scatter A group of exposure factors are given consisting of MA and time. Which will produce the greatest radiographic density? - Multiply all factors the highest mas will produce the highest density High mass equals high ______ - Density The process of leveling and windowing of digital images determines? - Contrast adjusting the level adjusts the optical density and adjusting the window adjust the contrast Exposure factors are given of KVP and mas using a non-grid exposure. How much mass would you be used if you use the 8 to 1 grid? - The grid conversion factor of the 8 to 1 is four so you would multiply your mass using a non-grid exposure by four Unopened boxes of radiographic film should be stored away from radiation and... - In the vertical position or on the end To be suitable for use in intensifying screen a phosphor should have what characteristic? - High conversion efficiency, High x-ray absorption and a high atomic number The purpose of the automatic processors circulation system is too? - Agitate, mix and filter solutions The height of the lead strips divided by the width of the interspace material is defined as? - Grid ratio When going from a lower kVP to a higher kvp what will happen? - You will have greater exposure latitude produce a longer scale of contrast and produce more scatter Misalignment of the tube part IR relationship results in? - Shape distortion elongation occurs from angling of the tube Foreshortening occurs from angling of the part What has an effect on recorded detail? - SID is directly proportional
As mas is decreased density_____in the same amount - Decreases What directly controls the energy or quality of the x-rays produced? - Kvp As KVP _____, a greater potential difference exists between the cathode in the anode - Increases As the_____ __________increases, the electrons from the cathode strike the anode in greater numbers and with greater energy - Potential difference As a Kvp increases a greater potential difference excists which results in an increase level of production of___wavelength and high-energy radiation - Short KVP's affect on density is governed by what? - 15% rule A increases in KVp of 15% ___ density - Doubles A decrease in KVp by 15% _____ density - 1/2s Intensity of the x-ray beam is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source of x-rays and the image receptor - Inverse square law Intensity is measured in - Roentgens Or coulombs/kilogram (SI) Radiographic density is a function of what? - Beam intensity Beam intensity is governed by the? - Inverse square law The inverse square law describes changes in____ ______ - Beam intensity
(and radiographic density which is a function of being intensity) If the SID is doubled intensity (density).... - Decreases four times If distance is halved, intensity (density) ... - Increase four times Variations in intensity is the result of the____of the x-ray beam as it travels through space - Divergence Different atomic number Same numbers of neutrons - Isotones Same element Same atomic number Different mass - Isotope Different atomic number Same mass - Isobar During the first part of the first term of a pregnancy what type of abnormalities occur? - Skeletal During the second part of the first term of pregnancy what type of abnormalities occur? - Neurologic General diagnostic exams deliver a fetal dose less than _- RAD - 1- Late effects Malignancy Leukemia Genetic effects - Stochastic effects Stochastic effects have a ______, _______
As matrix size increases pixel size ______ - Decreases Pixel size is ________ related to resolution - Inversely Dynamic range = - Pixel depth/ shades of gray More bits = ____ shades of gray - More Pix depth is _____ to resolution - Unrelated A increase in matrix size results in..... - smaller pixels Improved resolution What does aluminum filtration remove? - Low-energy photons A decrease in the number of photons= - A decrease in beam intensity If low energy photons are removed the average energy of the beam is... - Increased True or False Even with filtration the max energy of the beam remains unchanged unless KV is changed - True Pus in the thoracic cavity - Empyema Over distentions of air in the alveoli - Emphysema Congential Clubfoot - Talipes Deformed talus shortened Achilles' tendon
In which view is the OML at a 37ยฐ angle? - Waters In which view are the petrous ridges projected below the maxillary sinuses? - Waters When are the petrous ridges below the orbits? - Caldwell at 30 degrees caudad When are the petrous ridges in the bottom one thirds of the orbits? - PA caldwell 15 degrees caudad When do the petrous ridges fill the orbits? - PA view Where is the degree difference of the OML and the IOML for a baby or small child? - 14 degrees What is the degree difference between the OML and IOML for an adult? - 7 degrees Glossitis - Inflammation of the tongue 1 sec - 1000ms Smallest carpal - Pisiform Most palpable carpal - Pisiform In which position is the pisiform free from superimposition? - AP medial oblique Processes of the scapula? - Coracoid Acromion Elimination of all living microorganisms - Sterilization The frontal sinuses and ethmoidal are best used in the... -
When a small field of view is used that image is___bright and requires___exposure - Less More CR spatial frequency/resolution increases as laser... - Beam size decreases A grid results in ....... 1 2 3 - Less scatter fog Fewer gray tones Increase in contrast Beam restriction = - A decrease in Compton interations Contrast decreases as filtration ____ - Increases Anatomy/pathology = ________ ______ - Subject contrast What controls contrast? - Atomic number Tissue density Tissue thickness Contrast agents Atomic number effects on contrast - Increase in atomic number = increase in contrast Tissue density and thickness effects on contrasts - Increase in tissue density or thickness = decrease in contrast Contrast agents equal a..... - Increase in contrast Increase in contrast = - Fewer gray tones Short scale contrast Low KVp
Decrease in contrast = - Many shades of gray Long scale contrast Increase in KVp Controls X-ray beam energy - Kvp Grids increase ____ - Contrast Beam restriction increases ____ - Contrast Protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the cardiac sphincter - Hiatal Hernia When the Tube is directed 15degrees caudal the petrous pyramids will fill.... - The bottom 1/3rd of the orbits Where is the most accurate spot to find a pulse? - apical which is at the apex of the heart Found with a stethoscope Where is the most common place to find a pulse? - Radial pulse Bradycardia - Slow heart rate Tachycardia - Rapid heart rate Chonr- - Cartilge Thyroid Skin Extremities Occupational Dose Equivalent Limit - 50 Rem 500 mSv 5000 mRem
LET
Measures quality of radiation - LET Hair losss - Epilation Tissue without O2 - Anoxic Tissue with little o2 - Hypoxic Intensity = - Quantity The thicker portion should be under the ______ - Cathode side The upper part of the lateral T spine should be under what? - The cathode side When is the anode heal effect more pronounced? - Large IR with a short SID Because the anode has a steep target angle A high S number - Underexposure A high Ei number - Overexposure Strep throat is a____ - Bacteria Most of the primary beam is made up of_____ - brems Radiation An electron approaching a positive nuclear charge changes direction and loses energy - Brems radiation production An x-ray to the inner target needs to have a____ ______ number and a____ ______ point - High atomic
High melting True or false the cathode assembly receives both low and high voltages - True High scale contrast = - Short scale contrast CRs use ____ while DRs do not - IPs The term_____is used to describe how much of the patient is included in the matrix - FOV What permits the flow of current in only One Direction? - A rectifier Interaction with low energy photons - Compton scatter Which is the source of most scattered radiation? - Patient When is more high energy photons produced? - High kvp Quality - Kvp Quantity - MA 50 rem = _____ msv - 500 The punch/penetrability - Kvp High mAs ____ number of photons produced - High ....is unrelated to photon energy
