Download ASNT LEVEL 3 (BASIC MATERIALS AND PROCESSES)- Q&A 2025\2026 and more Exams Radiography in PDF only on Docsity!
ASNT Level 3 Basic Materials &
Processes questions and answer 2023
Fracture is a type of material failure. Of the following which is another type of material failure? - correct answer Permanent deformation. Which of the following statements best differentiates between a defect and a discontinuity? - correct answer Discontinuities can propagate and become defects. Nondestructive testing is often differentiated from other measurements or inspection techniques in that: - correct answer NDT involves indirect tests related to some other quality or characteristic of material. What are the functions of NDT? - correct answer Identifying and sorting of material. Identifying of material properties. Ensuring absence of faults or defects that could cause a part to fail. An important basis for the success of fracture control design procedures is: - correct answer The need to ensure that unexpected flaws of some critical size are not present when the component enters service. If properly used, NDT can assist in fracture control by: - correct answer Providing an accurate evaluation of the number and type of discontinuities that exist in a material. A statement that a particular experiment produced a 0.9 probability of detection with a 95% confidence level means that: - correct answer There is a 5% probability that the probability of detection is overstated. Most solid metals and plastics that have reasonable strength at room temperature are called: - correct answer Engineering materials. Material properties, as used in design, are most frequently determined by: - correct answer Materials testing. Even at the early stages of product planning, NDT should be considered because: - correct answer The design of the part should permit easy access to critical areas for later inspection. which of the following material properties are of most concern if corrosion resistance is essential? - correct answer Chemical properties.
Which of the following is true relative to the comparison of the properties of aluminum- based alloys and iron-based alloys? - correct answer Iron can exist in several different crystalline structures and its properties can be controlled by heat treatment. Tensile test are conducted on specimens from a newly developed alloy in order to determine the ultimate tensile strength of the material. Such tests are referred to as: - correct answer Destructive tests. A bar that is 2 in. long, 2 in. wide and 1 in. thick is subjected to a tensile load acting along the lenght of the bar of 36000 lbs. What is the tensle stress within the bar? - correct answer 18000 psi. What is Point B on the Stress-Strain diagram where it first starts to curve? - correct answer Elastic limit. Stress-Strain diagram, which of the following ranges indicates the affect of work hardening, to its maximum, caused by plastic flow of the material during a tensile load?
- correct answer Deformation rate to the ultimate strength On the Stress-Strain diagram, the points represented by E and F would be closer together if the material being tested were: - correct answer Less ductile. The modules of elasticity, or Young's modules, is related to the material's relative: - correct answer Stiffness and yield strength. Which of the following materials is typically considered when the application only requires high compressive strength? - correct answer Cast iron. A fatigue failure can often be prevented by using NDT to: - correct answer Detect surface discontinuities that could be stress risers. Which of the following tests uses a pendulum to break a specimen that is notched and supported on both ends, with the results of measuring energy absorption? - correct answer Charpy test. What is a S-N curve? - correct answer An endurance limit curve diagram. Direct hardness test provide a measure of a material's ability to resist: - correct answer Surface and near-surface penetration. Under ordinary usage, metals exist as: - correct answer Crystalline solids. The term body-centered cubic BCC, face-centered cubic FCC and hexagonal close- packed HCP all refer to the: - correct answer Lattice structures that make up unit cells in a solid metallic structure.
In the iron and steel making process, the term pig iron refers to: - correct answer A high carbon, low ductility metal produced in the blast furnace that can be used to make subsequent types of iron and steel. Which of the following techniques is often used to speed up the steel making process? - correct answer Adding oxygen to the molten metal. Typically, the highest quality of steel is produced in: - correct answer An electric furnace. What percentage of carbon is found in steel: - correct answer Less than 2% By which of the following process is most of the world's steel produced: - correct answer Basic oxygen. An undesirable byproduct of steel making processes is: - correct answer Slag A steel with 40 points of carbon contains: - correct answer 0.4 % carbon Corrosion resistant steels having relatively high percentages of nickel and chromium are called - correct answer Stainless steel Low carbon steel contains approximately: - correct answer 0.06 to 0.25% carbon Austenitic stainless steels are paramagnetic; this means that: - correct answer The material has a very low permeability. Which of the followingis an advantage of cast steel over wrought steels? - correct answer Cast steels have more isotropic properties than wrought steel. Which of the following nonferrous metals is the most important structural material? - correct answer Aluminum alloys Which of the following statements is true regarding the electrical conductivity of aluminum alloys? - correct answer Conductivity decreases at elevated temperatures. The heat treatment of aluminum for the purpose of hardening and strengthening: - correct answer Can produce tensile strengths equivalent to some carbon steels. Which of the following metals has low strength, high corrosion resistance and is used largely in die casting operations? - correct answer Zinc. Which of the following metals alloys has a density approximately two-thirds that of aluminum? - correct answer Magnesium.
Brass and bronze are alloys of zinc, tin and a large percentage of: - correct answer Copper. Monel and inconel are: - correct answer Nickel alloys. Which of the following materials cannot typically be used in the as-cast state? - correct answer Carbon A high-strength, low density corrosion resistant metal alloy of significance in the aircraft, marine and chemical processing industries is: - correct answer Titanium. Which of the following statements is true concerning plastics following their initial polymerization. - correct answer Thermosetting plastics do not soften, but char and deteriorate when reheated. Based on the strength to weight ratio: - correct answer Some plastics, including nylon, may have strengths greater than some metals. Design engineers are responsible for establishing the function, appearance, quality and cost of a product. Regarding the role of NDT in product design, which of the following is true? - correct answer Designer should seek input from NDT personnel to insure all required inspections can be performed. Manufacturing is a term that refers to processing that starts with raw material in bulk form and is concerned mainly with processing the raw material in a manner that changes its: - correct answer Shape. Manufacturing process changes raw material by: - correct answer Machining. Which of the following is true regarding solidification of molten metal in a casting mold?
- correct answer Cooling takes place in phases having different rates that produced different types of grain structures in different sections of the casting. In casting, shrinkage occurs: - correct answer Before, during and after the transformation from liquid to solid Large voids or porosity in a casting result from: - correct answer Gas evolution before and during solidification. During the solidification of a casting, the shrinkage that occurs: - correct answer May cause cavities that are enlarged by the evolution of gases. The design of the casting is important because the quality of the finished product can be adversely affected by all of the following except: - correct answer Temperature of the mold immediately prior to casting.
A casting process used to produce elongated shapes by drawing solidified metal from a water-cooled mold backed by molten metal is - correct answer Continuous casting An assembly that has been created by joining two or more parts by one or more welds is called - correct answer Weldment A general definition of welding describes the joining of two surfaces - correct answer In a permanent union established by atom-to-atom bonds Of the following, which is required for fusion bonding - correct answer Melting. Atomic closeness. Atomic cleanliness. Metallurgical effects in a weld, such as grain size variation and shrinkage, are similar to those that occur in - correct answer Castings Pressure wielding can be accomplished with pressure alone, but what else is usually added - correct answer Heat Proper brazing depends upon numerous factors being controlled. - correct answer Proper joint fit-up and joint prep. Adequate heat to melt the braze filler metal. Selection of proper braze filler metal. Soldering, brazing and braze welding all - correct answer Use a process where only the filler metal is actually melted Due to high temperatures and rapid rate of cooling, the filler material used in fusion welds - correct answer Contains alloys that will help compensate for properties lost during the welding process The uneven shrinkage and brittle structures that occur due the rapid cooling of a weld can often be reduced by - correct answer Preheating the weldment prior to welding After welding, many steel weldments are heat treated to obtain more uniform properties between the weld and base metal and to relieve stress. Which heat-treatment method is often used following welding - correct answer Normalizing Weldments subject to restrain during welding can develop high residual stress. Unrestrained weldments can develop - correct answer Geometric distortion Welds and weldments have been known to develop cracks long after cooling but prior to being used in service. What is the principal cause for such cracks - correct answer Excessive residual stresses
In arc welding the electric arc is usually sustained between an electrode and the - correct answer Workpiece. Which of the following gases are most frequently used as shielding to provide an inert atmosphere in the vicinity of the weld - correct answer Argon, helium and carbon dioxide. When molten metal is transferred from the electrode to the weld zone, it can be shielded from the atmosphere by all of the following - correct answer The burning of coatings on the welding electrode. Maintaining the arc beneath flux powders. The flow of a shielding gas around the arc. The burn-off rate and amount of spattering during the arc welding process can often be controlled by - correct answer Selecting the proper electrode polarity Which of the following welding process uses a nonconsumble electrode with the arc maintained in a atmosphere of inert gas - correct answer Gas tungsten arc welding Shielding in the submerged arc welding process is provided by - correct answer Granular flux that completely surrounds the arc. A welding process that is most frequently carried out in a vacuum chamber is - correct answer Electron-beam welding The welding process capable of very high intensity and rate of heat transfer is - correct answer Plasma arc welding The welding process in which the arc is extinguished after melting a slag cover and in which the base metal and copper slides form a sort of moving mold is called - correct answer Electroslag welding In the process of diffusion welding, often called diffusion bonding, the base metal is joined by - correct answer Putting it under pressure at temperatures below the melting point A slag inclusion can result from which of the following - correct answer Insufficient cleaning of successive passes in a multipass weldment. Undercut on a weld pass is usually caused by - correct answer Poor operator technique. Crater cracks may take the form of a single crack or star-shaped cracks and will usually be found - correct answer Anywhere along the weld where the welding was stopped and restarted.
NDT is often used just following hot and cold working operations to - correct answer Ensure that further operations are not performed on material that contains defects that could cause rejection of the manufactured part Slabs, blooms and billets are - correct answer The shapes that the ingot is rolled into prior to a variety of secondary Cold rolling sheet steel usually begins with a material that - correct answer Has been previously hot-rolled to dimensions close to the size of the finished product Before cold finishing operations can be done on hot-rolled materials, cleaning is often done by immersing the hot rolled material in acid bath in a process called - correct answer Pickling The millworking process performed principally on flat products and bars that improves hardness, strength, surface finish and dimensional accuracy is - correct answer Cold rolling Most steel pipe is produced by forming and - correct answer Welding Most seamless tubing made without welds is processed by - correct answer Piercing A process that requires the use of large, powerful equipment that forms ductile material into a wide variety of long length, uniform, cross sectional shapes best describes - correct answer Extrusion The millworking process used to form metals into three dimensional shapes is - correct answer Forging Which of the following products forms is generally selected for high strength and controlled property directionality - correct answer Forgings Powder metallurgy provides two unique advantages in metal processing. One is the capability to produce shapes and objects of refractory metals that are extremely difficult or impractical to melt; the other is to - correct answer Produce metal shapes with controlled porosity A major purpose of pressing the metal powders during powder metallurgy processing is to - correct answer Compact the powders into mechanical and atomic closeness In the powder metallurgy process, sintering is - correct answer In most cases, a fully solid state process
Powdered metallurgy products cannot - correct answer Attain 100% of theoretical density Which of the following is an application for powdered metal products - correct answer Cemented carbide cutting tools and dies. Tungsten rocket nozzles. Oil-impregnated bushings. Which of the following terms describe operations that bend, stretch and shape ,metals into three dimensional shapes with significant plastic flow and deformation - correct answer Bending. Forming. Drawing. In drawing and deep drawing, the final shape often can be completed in a series of draws, each successively deeper. What process performed between draws might effectively reduce the number of draws required - correct answer Recrystallization. Spinning can be used to form - correct answer Spherical tank halves Most new developments in sheet metal forming typically use nonconventional energy sources. What is a common feature of these processes? - correct answer The use of energy sources that release large amounts of energy in a very short time. Machines designed to hold a cutting tool and a workpiece and establish a suitable set of motions between them to remove material from the workpiece are called - correct answer Machine tools In describing machinability, three different measurements are generally considered on a relative, if not quantitative, basis. These are - correct answer Surface finish of the material achievable, power consumption required to remove a given volume of material and expected tool life When used with respect to machine tools, the acronym N/C means - correct answer Numerical control Which of the following can result in economical setup and reduced machine time with an increase in repeatability and accuracy for variety of machining operations - correct answer The use of numerical control systems applied to conventional types of machining operations Which of the following statements is true regarding plastics processing - correct answer Both thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics may be processed by molding, casting and extrusion
The best and most economical cleaners used for removal of oils and greases are - correct answer Petroleum solvents Some materials, such as aluminum, are corrosion resistant: - correct answer By virtue of the immediate oxidation of newly exposed surfaces. All of the following statements concerning electrostatic spraying are true - correct answer The material being sprayed is directly attracted to all of the surfaces to be covered. there is less waste due to oversprayed material. There is more uniform coverage of the surfaces. A corrosion protection material commonly applied to steel by hot dipping and galvanizing is - correct answer Zinc. Metals commonly applied to other metals by electroplating are - correct answer Nickel, Chromium and Cadmium A process that covers the base metal surface to an oxidized barrier layer of very small porous cells is called - correct answer Anodizing The anodized surface on aluminum - correct answer Can produce a high background during a penetrant test A technique for the inspection of a manufactured products that utilizes the selection of a certain percentage of parts for inspection is called - correct answer Random sampling Implied in sampling inspections is - correct answer A willingness to sometimes accept defective products A process control chart based on the means and ranges of measurements taken on periodic samples requires the measurement to be taken of - correct answer Variables Frequently, dimensions are permitted to vary within specific limits. These variations are called - correct answer Tolerances Measurements are classified as being either - correct answer Comparative or absolute A vernier measurement permits - correct answer Accurate interpolation between major divisions on a measuring device Indicating gages are usually used in applications that provide - correct answer Comparative measurements
Which of the following measurement tools uses the principle of light wave interference to check surface flatness - correct answer Optical Flat Gages such as plug gages, ring gages, go/no-go gages, profile gages, thread gages, radius gages, ect., are all types of - correct answer Fixed gages Devices that show magnified reflected of profile images of the workpiece on a frosted glass screen are called optical - correct answer Comparators
