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ASNT Level 3 Basic Materials & Processes Questions
- Fracture is a type of material failure. Of the following which is another type of material failure?: Permanent deformation.
- Which of the following statements best differentiates between a defect and a discontinuity?: Discontinuities can propagate and become defects.
- Nondestructive testing is often differentiated from other measurements or inspection techniques in that:: NDT involves indirect tests related to some other quality or characteristic of material.
- What are the functions of NDT?: Identifying and sorting of material. Identifying of material properties. Ensuring absence of faults or defects that could cause a part to fail.
- An important basis for the success of fracture control design procedures is:: The need to ensure that unexpected flaws of some critical size are not present when the component enters service.
- If properly used, NDT can assist in fracture control by:: Providing an accurate evaluation of the number and type of discontinuities that exist in a material.
- A statement that a particular experiment produced a 0.9 probability of
detection with a 95% confidence level means that:: There is a 5% probability that the probability of detection is overstated.
- Most solid metals and plastics that have reasonable strength at room tem- perature are called:: Engineering materials.
- Material properties, as used in design, are most frequently determined by:: Materials testing. 10.Even at the early stages of product planning, NDT should be considered because:: The design of the part should permit easy access to critical areas for later inspection. 11.which of the following material properties are of most concern if corrosion resistance is essential?: Chemical properties. 12.Which of the following is true relative to the comparison of the properties of aluminum-based alloys and iron-based alloys?: Iron can exist in several different crystalline structures and its properties can be controlled by heat treatment. 13.Tensile test are conducted on specimens from a newly developed alloy in order to determine the ultimate tensile strength of the material. Such tests are referred to as:: Destructive tests. 14.A bar that is 2 in. long, 2 in. wide and 1 in. thick is subjected to a tensile
22.What is a S-N curve?: An endurance limit curve diagram.
23. Direct hardness test provide a measure of a material's ability to resist:: - Surface and near-surface penetration. 24.Under ordinary usage, metals exist as:: Crystalline solids. 25.The term body-centered cubic BCC, face-centered cubic FCC and hexag- onal close-packed HCP all refer to the:: Lattice structures that make up unit cells in a solid metallic structure. 26.The process of returning ductility to cold-worked low-carbon steel is called:: Recrystallization. 27.Many metals exhibit an increase in strength caused by plastic flow beyond the elastic limit. This effect is called:: Work hardening. 28.When used as in-process treatment, Re crystallization can:: Improve ductil- ity. 29.Processes called austenitizing, annealing, normalizing and spheroidizing are:: Approximate equilibrium heat-treatment process. 30.The term"precipitation hardening" is often used interchangeably with the term:: Age hardening. 31.An NDT method that has the ability to measure changes in electrical conductivity caused by the effects of heat treatment is:: Eddy current.
32.Spheroidizing and normalizing have the effect of:: Increasing ductility. 33.When a steel has been quench-hardened and then reheated to some point below the lower transformation temperature for the purpose of reducing brittleness, this is called:: Tempering. 34.Annealing is usually performed to:: Release stress.
35. Attacks on metals be direct chemical action and/or electrolysis are called:- : Corrosion. 36.Metal corrosion that is accelerated when the metal is under a loads is called:: Stress corrosion. 37.Which of the following does not help to prevent corrosion:: Stress relieving. 38.Factors of safety are often in the range of 2 to 4. These factors:: Could be reduced with the assurance of NDT techniques that the material was free of discontinuities. 39.The reduction of iron ore, by mixing with coke, limestone and oxygen for combustion of the coke, is accomplished in:: A Blast furnace. 40.In the iron and steel making process, the term pig iron refers to:: A high carbon, low ductility metal produced in the blast furnace that can be
structural material?: Aluminum alloys 52.Which of the following statements is true regarding the electrical conduc- tivity of aluminum alloys?: Conductivity decreases at elevated temperatures. 53.The heat treatment of aluminum for the purpose of hardening and strength- ening:: Can produce tensile strengths equivalent to some carbon steels. 54.Which of the following metals has low strength, high corrosion resistance and is used largely in die casting operations?: Zinc. 55.Which of the following metals alloys has a density approximately two-thirds that of aluminum?: Magnesium. 56.Brass and bronze are alloys of zinc, tin and a large percentage of:: Copper. 57.Monel and inconel are:: Nickel alloys. 58.Which of the following materials cannot typically be used in the as- cast state?: Carbon 59.A high-strength, low density corrosion resistant metal alloy of significance in the aircraft, marine and chemical processing industries is:: Titanium.
60.Which of the following statements is true concerning plastics following their initial polymerization.: Thermosetting plastics do not soften, but char and deteriorate when reheated. 61.Based on the strength to weight ratio:: Some plastics, including nylon, may have strengths greater than some metals. 62.Design engineers are responsible for establishing the function, appear- ance, quality and cost of a product. Regarding the role of NDT in product design, which of the following is true?: Designer should seek input from NDT personnel to insure all required inspections can be performed. 63.Manufacturing is a term that refers to processing that starts with raw material in bulk form and is concerned mainly with processing the raw material in a manner that changes its:: Shape. 64.Manufacturing process changes raw material by:: Machining. 65.Which of the following is true regarding solidification of molten metal in a casting mold?: Cooling takes place in phases having different rates that produced different types of grain structures in different sections of the casting. 66.In casting, shrinkage occurs:: Before, during and after the
provide a concentration point for discontinuities. 73.Risers, feeders, or feed heads in casting serve to provide sources of molten metal to compensate for:: Shrinkage. 74.Green sand casting molds include:: Sand, clay and water. 75.Mold material in the form of inserts that exclude metal flow and thus form internal surfaces or passages in a casting are called:: Cores. 76.Small metal supports used to suport and position cores become part of the casting by fusing with the molten metal. Such devices are called?: Chaplets. 77.Which of the following may cause a discontinuity even through its intended purpose is to prevent shrinkage cavities by absorbing heat from the molten metal in the center of the casting:: Internal chill. 78.Which of the following NDT methods can be commonly used to inspect castings for core shift and nonfused chaplets and used to determine that all core materials have been removed?: Radiographic testing 79.Casting and molds made by covering a heated metal pattern with sand is mixed with particles of thermosetting plastic are called: Shell molds 80.Permanent molds are most frequently made of: Metal 81.Another term for precision casting and lost-wax process: Investment
cast- ing 82.A casting process used to produce hollow products like large pipes and hollow shafts is: Centrifugal casting 83.A casting process used to produce elongated shapes by drawing solidified metal from a water-cooled mold backed by molten metal is: Continuous casting 84.An assembly that has been created by joining two or more parts by one or more welds is called: Weldment 85.A general definition of welding describes the joining of two surfaces: In a permanent union established by atom-to-atom bonds 86.Of the following, which is required for fusion bonding: Melting. Atomic closeness. Atomic cleanliness. 87.Metallurgical effects in a weld, such as grain size variation and shrinkage, are similar to those that occur in: Castings 88.Pressure wielding can be accomplished with pressure alone, but what else is usually added: Heat 89.Proper brazing depends upon numerous factors being controlled.: Proper joint fit-up and joint prep.
cooling but prior to being used in service. What is the principal cause for such cracks: Excessive residual stresses 96.In arc welding the electric arc is usually sustained between an electrode and the: Workpiece. 97.Which of the following gases are most frequently used as shielding to provide an inert atmosphere in the vicinity of the weld: Argon, helium and carbon dioxide. 98.When molten metal is transferred from the electrode to the weld zone, it can be shielded from the atmosphere by all of the following: The burning of coatings on the welding electrode. Maintaining the arc beneath flux powders. The flow of a shielding gas around the arc. 99.The burn-off rate and amount of spattering during the arc welding process can often be controlled by: Selecting the proper electrode polarity
- Which of the following welding process uses a nonconsumble electrode with the arc maintained in a atmosphere of inert gas: Gas tungsten arc welding
- Shielding in the submerged arc welding process is provided by: Granular flux that completely surrounds the arc.
- A welding process that is most frequently carried out in a vacuum cham- ber is: Electron-beam welding
- The welding process capable of very high intensity and rate of heat transfer is: Plasma arc welding
- The welding process in which the arc is extinguished after melting a slag cover and in which the base metal and copper slides form a sort of moving mold is called: Electroslag welding
- In the process of diffusion welding, often called diffusion bonding, the base metal is joined by: Putting it under pressure at temperatures below the melting point
- A slag inclusion can result from which of the following: Insufficient clean- ing of successive passes in a multipass weldment.
- Undercut on a weld pass is usually caused by: Poor operator technique.
- Crater cracks may take the form of a single crack or star-shaped cracks and will usually be found: Anywhere along the weld where the welding was stopped and restarted.
- Among other things, the advantageous effects of recrystallization depend upon the: Temperature at which deformation takes place.
- Wrought products invariably exhibit: Directional properties.
- During the steel-making process, a large number of faults such as slag, porosity and shrinkage cavities exit in the top of the ingot. These discontinu- ities are: Removed by cropping up to one-third off the top of the ingot.
- Discontinuities with their origin in the original ingot can be reduced in severity by the closing and welding of voids and the breaking up and elongation of inclusions by which of the following processes: Hot working
- Which of the following would have the least ductility: Gray cast iron
- An NDT technique best suited to locating discontinuities caused by inclusions rolled into steel plate is: Ultrasonic testing.
- Deformation processes: Cold working usually follows hot working.
- Machinability and fatigue resistance are improved in most metals that have been: Cold worked.
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- NDT is often used just following hot and cold working operations
to: En- sure that further operations are not performed on material that contains defects that could cause rejection of the manufactured part
- Slabs, blooms and billets are: The shapes that the ingot is rolled into prior to a variety of secondary
- Cold rolling sheet steel usually begins with a material that: Has been previously hot-rolled to dimensions close to the size of the finished product
- Before cold finishing operations can be done on hot-rolled materials, cleaning is often done by immersing the hot rolled material in acid bath in a process called: Pickling
- The millworking process performed principally on flat products and bars that improves hardness, strength, surface finish and dimensional accuracy is: Cold rolling
- Most steel pipe is produced by forming and: Welding
- Most seamless tubing made without welds is processed by: Piercing
- A process that requires the use of large, powerful equipment that forms ductile material into a wide variety of long length, uniform, cross sectional shapes best describes: Extrusion
Oil-impregnated bushings.
- Which of the following terms describe operations that bend, stretch and shape ,metals into three dimensional shapes with significant plastic flow and deformation: Bending. Formin g. Drawin g.
- In drawing and deep drawing, the final shape often can be completed in a series of draws, each successively deeper. What process performed between draws might effectively reduce the number of draws required: Recrystallization.
- Spinning can be used to form: Spherical tank halves
- Most new developments in sheet metal forming typically use nonconven- tional energy sources. What is a common feature of these processes?: The use of energy sources that release large amounts of energy in a very short time.
- Machines designed to hold a cutting tool and a workpiece and establish a suitable set of motions between them to remove material from
the workpiece are called: Machine tools
- In describing machinability, three different measurements are generally considered on a relative, if not quantitative, basis. These are: Surface finish of the material achievable, power consumption required to remove a given volume of material and expected tool life
- When used with respect to machine tools, the acronym N/C means: Nu- merical control
- Which of the following can result in economical setup and reduced ma- chine time with an increase in repeatability and accuracy for variety of ma- chining operations: The use of numerical control systems applied to conventional types of machining operations 146. Which of the following statements is true regarding plastics processing- : Both thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics may be processed by molding, casting and extrusion
- Reinforced plastics molding involves use of: Thermosetting plastics and fibrous reinforcement materials
- The mechanism of adhesion combines mechanical interlocking and: In- teratomic forces
