Biology Assertion and Reason Questions: The Living World, Exercises of Biology

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Table of Contents

Biology

• 1. The Living World 3 - S. No. Topic Name Pg. No.
• 2. Biological Classification 7 -
• 3. Plant Kingdom 11 -
• 4. Animal Kingdom 16 -
• 5. Morphology of Flowering Plants 25 -
• 6. Anatomy of Flowering Plants 29 -
• 7. Structural Organization in Animals (Animal Tissue) 34 -
• 8. Cell: The Unit of Life 36 -
• 9. Biomolecules 41 -
• 10. Cell Cycle and Cell Division 46 -
• 11 Photosynthesis in Higher Plants 50 -
• 12 Respiration In Plants 56 -
• 13 Plant Growth and Development 59 -
• 14 Breathing And Exchange of Gases 63 -
• 15 Body Fluids and Circulation 67 -
• 16 Excretory Products and Their Elimination 70 -
• 17 Locomotion And Movement 74 -
• 18 Neural Control and Coordination 77 -
• 19 Chemical Coordination and Integration 83 -
• 20 Reproduction in Organisms & Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants 86 -
• 21 Human Reproduction & Reproductive Health 88 -
• 22 Principles of Inheritance and Variation 95 -
• 23 Molecular Basis of Inheritance 99 -
• 24 Evolution 104 -
• 25 Human Health and Disease 108 -
• 26 Biotechnology: Principles and Processes & Biotechnology and its Applications 115 -
• 27 Organisms and Populations 118 -
• 28 Ecosystem 120 -
• 29 Biodiversity and Conservation 122 -
  • Answer Keys 124 -

9. Assertion (A): Branch of biology which deals with knowing more about different kind of organisms and their diversities and relationship among them is known as systematics. Reason (R): The scope of systematics can not enlarge to include identification, nomenclature and classification. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 10. Assertion (A): Species is the most fundamental unit of taxonomy. Reason (R): In taxonomic hierarchy, species rank shows maximum common features. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 11. Assertion (A): Genera are aggregates of closely related species. Reason (R): Genus comprises a group of related species which has more characters in common in comparison to species of other genera. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 12. Assertion (A): Families are characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of species. Reason (R): Members of family can show morphological similarities, but unexceptionally none of the genera of same family can interbreed with each other. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 13. Assertion (A): In higher category there is great difficulty of determining the relationship to other taxa at the same level. Reason (R): In higher taxa there are less characteristics that the members within the taxa share. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 14. Assertion (A): Herbaria can not serve as quick reference system in taxonomical studies. Reason (R): Herbaria do not help in identification and classifications. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 15. Assertion (A): Cryptogams do not reproduce sexually. Reason (R): Flowers are indistinct in cryptogams. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 16. Assertion (A): Classification of Linnaeus is artificial. Reason (R): It is based on artificial characters. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false ꧁ঔৣ☬✞ Chulbuli Ch@h@t ✞☬ঔৣ꧂

17. Assertion (A): The species is a group of interbreeding individuals reproductively isolated from the other species populations. Reason (R): Prokaryotes cannot be kept under different species on the basis of reproductive isolation. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 18. Assertion (A): Species are static units in classification. Reason (R): Species do not change with time. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 19. Assertion (A): Taxonomic Keys are device used by biologists for identifying unknown organisms. Reason (R): Keys are presented with a series of choices about the characteristics of the unknown organisms; by making the correct choice at each step of the key, the user is ultimately led to the identity of a specimen. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 20. Assertion (A): In an organism anabolism and catabolism take place simultaneously. Reason (R): Senescence occurs when there is an increase in the rate of anabolism with respect to catabolism. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 21. Assertion (A): Reproduction cannot be an all-exclusive defining characteristic of living organisms but no nonliving object is capable of reproducing or replicating by itself. Reason (R): All living organisms do not reproduce. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 22. Assertion (A): Biological concept of species is most accepted explanation about definition of species. REASON (R): Biological concept of species explains the diversity of origin of species. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 23. Assertion (A): Most of the species are identified on the basis biological species concept. Reason (R): Interbreeding can be practically used as routine criterion for identification. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 24. Assertion (A): Before assigning a biological name to a living organism, it is essential to identify the organism correctly. Reason (R): Nomenclature or naming is only possible when the organism is described correctly and we know to what organism the name is attached to. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false

1. Assertion (A): Two kingdom classification used for a long time was inadequate. Reason (R): This system did not distinguish between the eukaryotes and prokaryotes, unicellular and multicellular. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 2. Assertion (A): In Earlier classifications bacteria, blue green algae, fungi, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms were included together under plants. Reason (R): All the members possess cell wall over plasma membrane. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 3. Assertion (A): Classification systems have undergone several changes over a period of time. Reason (R): This happened, because the criteria for classifications get changed gradually. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 4. Assertion (A): Bacteria, the sole members of kingdom monera, are the most abundant micro-organisms. Reason (R): Bacteria can tolerate extreme conditions, so they are found everywhere. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 5. Assertion (A): Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic autotrophs similar to higher plants. Reason (R): Cyanobacteria have chlorophyll - a and Rubisco. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 6. Assertion (A): Heterocyst are specialized cells of blue green algae for Nitrogen fixation. Reason (R): In Heterocyst cells oxygen depleted conditions can be created, which is essential for Nitrogenase functioning. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false

2. Biological Classification

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7. Assertion (A): Heterotrophic bacteria are the most abundant bacteria they have a significant impact on human affairs. Reason (R): Heterotrophic bacteria are helpful in making curd, production of Antibiotics and fixation of nitrogen. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 8. Assertion (A): Beside spore formation and binary fission a sort of sexual reproduction is also observed in bacteria, but it is not a typical sexual reproduction. Reason (R): In such type of reproduction there is no gamete formation and fusion. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 9. Assertion (A): Members of protista are eukaryotes. Reason (R): Protistial cell body does not contain a well defined nucleus and other membrane bounded cell organelles. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 10. Assertion (A): Most of the dinoflagellates show heterokont flagellation. Reason (R): Both of the flagella arise from different levels In them. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 11. Assertion (A): Euglenoids show flexible life style. Reason (R): In presence of sunlight they are photosynthetic while in sunlight deprived conditions they behave like heterotrophs. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 12. Assertion (A): Slime moulds are extremely resistant and survive for many years. Reason (R): Slime moulds possess branched phospholipids and thermostable enzymes. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 13. Assertion (A): Fungi prefer to grow in cold and humid areas. Reason (R): Low temperature favours the metabolic activities. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false

22. Assertion (A): Amoeba and Paramoecium are included in Kingdom Protista and not in Kingdom Animalia. Reason (R): Unlike animals, a cell wall is present in these organisms. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 23. Assertion (A): The body of Euglenoids is flexible. Reason (R): The cell wall in Euglenoids is cellulosic. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 24. Assertion (A): The artificial systems used for classification of living organisms are not very acceptable to taxonomists. Reason (R): The artificial systems give more weightage to vegetative characteristics and no weightage to sexual characteristics and the sexual characteristics are easily affected by environment. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 25. Assertion (A): Paramoecium and Amoeba, which were earlier placed in the animal kingdom which lack cell wall, are placed under Kingdom Protista in Whittaker’s Classification. Reason (R): The unicellular eukaryotic organisms are placed in Kingdom Protista in Whittaker’s Classification. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 26. Assertion (A): Lichens are very good pollution indicators. Reason (R): They grow profusely in polluted areas. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 27. Assertion (A): The cyanobacteria that are also referred to as blue green algae are not ‘algae’ any more. Reason (R): The cyanobacteria are photosynthetic autotrophs. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 28. Assertion (A): Alternaria, Colletotrichum and Trichoderma are kept in the fungal class- Deuteromycetes. Reason (R): Asexual and vegetative phases in the life cycle of these fungi are not known. In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below: (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false

1. Assertion (A): Cyanobacteria that are also referred as blue green algae, now not involved in ‘algae’, a group of kingdom Plantae. Reason (R): Plantae is the group of Eukaryotic multi-cellular organisms, while cyanobacteria are prokaryotes. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 2. Assertion (A): Natural classifications are more accurate than artificial classifications Reason (R): They are based on natural affinities among organisms and consider only external feature not internal features. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 3. Assertion (A): In numerical taxonomy each character is given equal importance. Reason (R): It is quantitative arrangement based on computational and statistical analysis of number and codes of the characters. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 4. Assertion (A): Sexual reproduction of Spirogyra is isogamous type. Reason (R): Both of the fusing gametes of Spirogyra are non-flagellated and similar in size. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 5. Assertion (A): Algae are of paramount importance in aquatic ecosystem. Reason (R): Their photosynthetic ability is the basis of food cycle for all aquatic animals. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 6. Assertion (A): Algae can bridge the gap between demand and supply of proteinaceous diet, worldwide. Reason (R): Chlorella and Spirulina are unicellular proteinaceous food supplement. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 7. Assertion (A): Algae are divided into three main classes, based on only cell wall composition. Reason (R): Among members of algae composition of cell wall is extremely variable. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 8. Assertion (A): Members of phaeophyceae or brown algae group show variation of color from olive green to various shades of brown color. Reason (R): In phaeophycean member amount of xanthophyll and fucoxanthin is variable. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false

3. Plant Kingdom

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17. Assertion (A): In gymnosperms the seeds that develop post fertilization are naked. Reason (R): In gymnosperms ovules are not enclosed by any ovary wall. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 18. Assertion (A): Gymnosperms are first completely successful land plants. Reason (R): In gymnosperms secondary growth is present. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 19. Assertion (A): Male gametophytic generation of gymnosperms is highly reduced. Reason (R): In gymnosperms male gametophyte is to be travelled up to female gametophyte. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 20. Assertion (A): Unlike gymnosperms, in angiosperms seeds are not naked. Reason (R): In angiosperms ovules are developed in specialized structures called flower. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 21. Assertion (A): Embryo sac of Angiosperms represents female gametophytic generation. Reason (R): Embryo sac arise from megaspore and spore is the first cell of gametophytic generation. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 22. Assertion (A): Plants have ability for the formation of different plant bodies- haploid and diploid. Reason (R): In plants both haploid and diploid cells can divide by mitosis. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 23. Assertion (A): Generally thallophytes show haplontic life cycle. Reason (R): In thallophytes generally one phase that is haploid dominate. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false ꧁ঔৣ☬✞ Chulbuli Ch@h@t ✞☬ঔৣ꧂

24. Assertion (A): All seed bearing plants follow diplontic life cycle. Reason (R): In seed bearing plants both gametophytic and sporophytic generation dominate in form of well developed plant body. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 25. Assertion (A): Unlike other algae, Fucus shows a diplontic life cycle. Reason (R): In Fucus gametophytic generation is reduced and short living. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 26. Assertion (A): Bryophyta are termed as amphibians of plant kingdom Reason (R): Bryophyta are first land plants but depend on water for fertilization. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 27. Assertion (A): Sporophyte of pteridophytes may be monoecious or dioecious Reason (R): Sporophyte of pteridophytes bear sex organ. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 28. Assertion (A): Flowering Plants have independent sporophytic generation which represents the main plant body. Reason (R): Flowering plants perform meiosis during microspore and megaspore spore formation which gives rise to male and female gametophytes respectively. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 29. Assertion (A): In Angiosperm, archegonia is present in embryosac. Reason (R): One male gamete fertilize egg of embryosac & another fertilize antipodal nucleus. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 30. Assertion (A): Conservative characters are more useful in classification. Reason (R): These characters do not change rapidly during evolution. therefore, their similarities show relationships among organisms. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 31. Assertion (A): Bryophytes are called amphibians of the plant kingdom. Reason (R): Bryophytes play an important role in plant succession on bare rocks. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false

1. Assertion (A): The protozoans are belived to be primitive relatives of animals. Reason (R): Protozoans are heterotrophs and live as predators or parasites. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 2. Assertion (A): Coelenterates have tissue grade of organisation. Reason (R): In coelenterates the cells performing the same function are arranged into group. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 3. Assertion (A): Poriferans shows internal fertilization with metamorphic development. Reason (R): Larval form of sponges are similar to their adult. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 4. Assertion (A): Polyps produce medusae sexually and medusae form the polyps asexually. Reason (R): Polyps and medusae are the common feature of different group of cnidarians. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 5. Assertion (A): Sea walnuts are exclusively marine radially symmetrical, diploblastic organisms with tissue level of organisation. Reason (R): It having efficient osmoregulatory organ which made them capable to survive in marine habitat. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 6. Assertion (A): Members of phylum platyhelminthes are also called flat worms. Reason (R): It have dorso-ventrally flattened body. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false

4. Animal Kingdom

7. Assertion (A): Hooks and suckers are present in the parasitic form of flat worms. Reason (R): It helps in absorbing nutrients from the host body. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 8. Assertion (A): The members of phylum- Aschelminthes are called round worms. Reason (R): The body of the Aschelminthes is circular in cross- section. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 9. Assertion (A): Radulla is a masticatory organ. Reason (R): It is calcareous in nature. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 10. Assertion (A): Echinodermates placed more closure to the chordats. Reason (R): Echinodermates are enterocoelomic and deuterostomate with mesodermal endoskeleton. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 11. Assertion (A): Animal belonging to phylum chordata are fundamentally characterized by the presence of notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord and paired pharyngeal gill stits. Reason (R): These are triploblastic and pseudocoelomate animals. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 12. Assertion (A): Only pisces possess a post anal tail and a closed circulatory system. Reason (R): Pisces are aquatic with having no balancing organ. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 13. Assertion (A): Teeth in vertebrates are modified placoid scales which are backwardly directed. Reason (R): All vertebrates having true jaw. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false ꧁ঔৣ☬✞ Chulbuli Ch@h@t ✞☬ঔৣ꧂

22. Assertion (A): Air for respiration enters the insect body through the spiracles. Reason (R): Haemolymph in insect has no role in transportation of gases. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 23. Assertion (A): Notochord is stiff and flexible rod like tissue lying ventral to the nerve cord along the mid dorsal line in hemichordates. Reason (R): It is ectodermal in origin. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 24. Assertion (A): In porifera archaeocytes are totipotent cells Reason (R): They can give rise to all other types of the cells in poriferans. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 25. Assertion (A): Calotes is capable to change its body colour. Reason (R): Calotes shows pedogeny. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 26. Assertion (A): Most of the animals of hirudinea are sanguivorous Reason (R): They are only depend upon blood of human. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 27. Assertion (A): Alimentary canal is absent in Taenia solium. Reason (R): Taenia solium is an endoparasite. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 28. Assertion (A): All triploblastic animals are not coelomate. Reason (R): Animal with incomplete type of digestive tract are diploblastic. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 29. Assertion (A): Amongs arthropods, wings are present only in the members of class insecta. Reason (R): Wings may or may not present in the class insecta. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false ꧁ঔৣ☬✞ Chulbuli Ch@h@t ✞☬ঔৣ꧂

30. Assertion (A): Water vascular system plays major role in locomotion of echinoderm. Reason (R): Hydraulic pressure of fluid and contraction of muscle of Tube feet make possible movement of echinoderm. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 31. Assertion (A): Eggs of reptile & aves contain large amount of yolk. Reason (R): Cleidoic eggs are shelled eggs best suited for terrestrial adaptation. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 32. Assertion (A): Credit of acute & telescopic vision in birds can be given to preen gland present in their eyes. Reason (R): Preen gland provides nutrition to eye balls of aves except kiwi. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 33. Assertion (A): Bats and whales are classified as mammals. Reason (R): Bats and whales have four chambered heart. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 34. Assertion (A): Tapworm, roundworm and pinworm are endoparasite of human intestine. Reason (R): Inproperly cooked food is the source of all intestinal infection. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false 35. Assertion (A): The duck-billed platypus & spiny ant eater, both are egg-laying animal yet they are group under mammals. Reason (R): Both of them have seven cervical vertebrae and 12 pairs of cranical nerves. (1) Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A) (2) Both (A) & (R) are true but the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A) (3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) Both (A) and (R) are false