Higher Nationals in Computing
Unit 2: Networking
ASSIGNMENT 1
Learner’s name: NGUYEN NHATMINHANH
ID: GCS200658
Class: GCS0905_C
Subject code: 1619
Assessor name: PHAN MINH TAM
Assignment due: Assignment submitted:
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Network Topology, Communication, and Bandwidth Requirements: A Comprehensive Guide, Assignments of Wireless Networking
You are employed as a network engineer by Nguyen Networking Limited, a high-tech networking solution development company, which has branches in Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, Da Nang and Can Tho. The company has been contracted to implement a networking project from a local educational institute.
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Higher Nationals in Computing
Unit 2: Networking
ASSIGNMENT 1
Learner’s name: NGUYEN NHAT MINH ANH
ID: GCS
Class: GCS0905_C
Subject code: 1619
Assessor name: PHAN MINH TAM
Assignment due: Assignment submitted:
ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing
Unit number and title Unit 2: Networking
Submission date December 1
st
, 2021 Date Received 1st submission
Re-submission Date December 5
th
, 2021 Date Received 2nd submission
Student Name NGUYEN NHAT MINH ANH Student ID GCS
Class GCS0905_C Assessor name Tam Phan
Student declaration
I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.
Student’s signature
Grading grid
P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 D
Assignment Brief 1 (RQF)
Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Computing
Student Name/ID Number:
Unit Number and Title: Unit 2: Networking
Academic Year: 2021 – 2022
Unit Assessor: Tam Phan
Assignment Title: Networking Infrastructure
Issue Date: November 17, 2021
Submission Date:
Internal Verifier Name:
Date:
Submission Format:
Format:
● The submission is in the form of an individual written report. This should be written in a concise, formal
business style using single spacing and font size 12. You are required to make use of headings, paragraphs
and subsections as appropriate, and all work must be supported with research and referenced using the
Harvard referencing system. Please also provide a bibliography using the Harvard referencing system.
Submission
● Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the Tutor.
●
The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/.
● Remember to convert the word file into PDF file before the submission on CMS.
Note:
● The individual Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student.
● If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you must
reference your sources, using the Harvard style.
● Make sure that you understand and follow the guidelines to avoid plagiarism. Failure to comply this
requirement will result in a failed assignment.
Unit Learning Outcomes:
LO1 Examine networking principles and their protocols.
LO2 Explain networking devices and operations.
Assignment Brief and Guidance:
Assignment scenario
You are employed as a network engineer by Nguyen Networking Limited, a high-tech networking solution
development company, which has branches in Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, Da Nang and Can Tho. The company
has been contracted to implement a networking project from a local educational institute. The specification of the
project is given below:
People: 200 students, 15 teachers, 12 marketing and administration staff, 5 higher managers including the
academic heads and the programme managers, and 3 computer network administrators.
Resources: 50 student lab computers, 35 staff computers, and 3 printers.
Building: 3 floors, all computers and printers are on the ground floor apart from the IT labs – one lab
located on the first floor and another located on the second floor.
Task 1
The CEO of the company, Mr. Nguyen, has asked you to investigate and explain networking principles, protocols
and devices and submit a report.
You will need to produce a report that includes the following:
An introduction to provide an overview of your report.
Benefits and constraints of different types of networks and networking standards.
The impact of network topology, speed of communication and bandwidth requirements.
Effectiveness of networking systems.
Discussion on operating principles of networking devices and server types and networking software.
Discuss the relationship of workstation hardware with networking software.
Explore a range of server types and justify the selection of a server, considering a given scenario
regarding cost and performance optimization.
For the given specification, identify the topology protocol for the efficient utilization of a networking
system.
Table of Contents
Unit 2: NetworkingASSIGNMENT 1 ............................................................................................................ 1
Assignment Brief 1 (RQF)........................................................................................................................... 3
Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Computing.......................................................................... 3
ASSIGNMENT 1 ANSWER 1 ......................................................................................................................... 1
P1. Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards.............................. 1
1. Definition of Network:.................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Advantages of Network:........................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Disadvantages of Network:................................................................................................... 2
2. Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model):
..................................................................... 4
3. Network Types:
............................................................................................................................... 8
3.1 LAN (Local Area Network):
................................................................................................... 8
3.2 WAN (Wide Area Network):
.................................................................................................. 9
3.3 MAN (Metropolitan Area Network):
.................................................................................. 11
3.4 WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network):
............................................................................... 13
3.5 PAN (Personal Area Network):
............................................................................................ 14
4. Network protocol:
......................................................................................................................... 16
4.1 Definition of Network protocol:
......................................................................................... 16
4.2 Purposes of Network protocols:......................................................................................... 16
4.3 Common Network protocols:.............................................................................................. 17
4.3.1. IP (Internet Protocol):.............................................................................................. 17
4.3.2. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol):...................................................................... 18
4.3.3 UDP (User Datagram Protocol):
................................................................................ 19
4.3.4 DNS (Domain Name System):
................................................................................... 20
4.3.5 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol):
........................................................................ 21
4.3.6 ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol):
............................................................. 22
5. Network standards:
...................................................................................................................... 22
5.1 Internal standard organization:
......................................................................................... 22
5.2 Standards used in network:
................................................................................................ 23
P2. Explain the impact of network topology, communication and bandwidth requirements.
............ 23
1. Network topology
......................................................................................................................... 23
1.1 Definition of Network Topology......................................................................................... 23
1.2 What is a logical topology?................................................................................................. 24
1.3 What is a physical topology?.............................................................................................. 25
**2. The difference between physical topology and logical topology:.............................................. 26
- Popular topologies:....................................................................................................................... 27**
3.1 Types of Topology:.............................................................................................................. 28
3.1.1 Mesh Topology:......................................................................................................... 28
3.1.2 Star Topology............................................................................................................ 29
3.1.3 Bus Topology:............................................................................................................ 30
3.1.4 Ring topology:........................................................................................................... 30
3.1.5 Hybrid topology:....................................................................................................... 31
3.1.6 Tree Topology:.......................................................................................................... 33
2.2.2 Web servers:.............................................................................................................. 45
2.2.3 File servers:
................................................................................................................ 46
2.2.4 Database servers:
...................................................................................................... 46
2.2.5 DHCP servers:
............................................................................................................ 47
2.2.6 Mail servers
............................................................................................................... 48
P4 Discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking software.
...... 48
1. Introduction to inter - dependence networks.
............................................................................ 48
2. Workstation hardware:
................................................................................................................ 49
2.1 Definition of Workstation hardware:
................................................................................. 49
2.2 Example:
............................................................................................................................... 50
3. Networking software:................................................................................................................... 52
3.1 Definition of Networking software:.................................................................................... 52
3.2 Examples:............................................................................................................................. 53
4 .Interdependence of workstation hardware with networking software.................................... 55
M1 Compare common Networking principles and how protocols enable the effectiveness of
networked systems.................................................................................................................................. 56
1. Introduce the common Networking principles:.......................................................................... 56
1.1 Definition of Networking principles................................................................................... 56
1.2 Circuit Switching:................................................................................................................. 57
1.3 Message Switching:............................................................................................................. 58
1.3 Packet Switching.................................................................................................................. 59
1.4 Difference between Message and Packet Switching:........................................................ 61
2. Communication Protocol:............................................................................................................. 62
3. Compare common networking principles:.................................................................................. 63
3.1 Comparison between UDP and TCP:
................................................................................... 63
4. Why protocols make networked systems more effective?
........................................................ 64
5. Examples of TCP and UDP in Real Life
.......................................................................................... 66
5.1 Real-Life Examples of TCP :
................................................................................................. 66
5.2 Real-Life Examples of UDP:
................................................................................................. 67
M2 Explore a range of server types and justify the selection of a server, considering a given S
regarding cost and performance optimization....................................................................................... 68
1. Server:........................................................................................................................................... 68
1.1 What is a server?................................................................................................................. 68
1.2 Types of servers................................................................................................................... 68
**2. The USER Requirement for the network design:......................................................................... 69
- Provide a logical design of the network based on user requirements....................................... 70**
3 .1 Lab computer....................................................................................................................... 70
3 .2 Staff computer..................................................................................................................... 71
3 .3 Network components.......................................................................................................... 72
D1 Considering a given scenario, identify the topology protocol selected for the efficient utilization
of a networking system............................................................................................................................ 72
REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................................. 74
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activity, it is assumed that the resources they wished to give would be fully shared by connecting
to a computer network that their audience also employs.
It makes file sharing easier.
People may exchange their data more easily with the use of computer networking, which saves
them time and effort since they can distribute information more properly.
It is highly flexible.
This method is notable for its agility, since it allows consumers to learn what they need to know
about important items like software without harming their operation. Furthermore, people will
have access to all of the information they require and will be happy to relate it.
It is an inexpensive system.
Adding networking software on our device would not be highly expensive, since we are confident
that it will endure and effectively convey data with our peers. Furthermore, there is no need to
change the program on a regular basis, as this is not actually necessary.
It increases cost efficiency.
We can employ a variety of software products available on the market with communication
networks, which can simply be saved or installed in our system or server and then used by several
workstations.
It boosts storage capacity.
We must verify that all data and material are safely changed in the system because we'll be
sharing information, files, and services with others. We can manage all of this without any effort
due to networking technology, and we'll have more than enough storage.
1.2 Disadvantages of Network:
It lacks independence.
People will highly rely on computer work instead of exerting effort for their jobs at hand as a
result of computer networking, that is a process that is operated through computers. Other than
P a g e | 3
that, they will be reliant on the main file server, which means that if it fails, the system would be
taken offline, leaving users idle.
It poses security difficulties.
Because a lot of users would be employing a computer network to access and share some of their
files and resources, the security of a single user would always be in danger. There may even be
criminal that occur, which we must be aware of and careful about.
It allows for more presence of computer viruses and malware.
If one computer on a network is device is infected, the other pcs on the network could get
infected as well. Because of the connectivity of many devices, viruses may quickly travel along a
network. Also, many computers with common goals provide the environment conducive for
malware development. Likewise, if malware is put on the central server, all network customers
tied to the server is been compromised. As a reason, network administrators should monitor and
the stored files on a daily basis.
It requires an expensive set-up.
Even though computer networks are said to be a poor system once they are up and running, the
cost of initial set - up can be high depending on the number of machines to be joined. Expensive
systems, such as routers, switches, or hubs, all add up fast. Aside from them, network interface
cards (NICs) for pcs would be necessary if they are not created.
It requires an efficient handler.
High technical abilities and knowledge of computer network operations and management are
required for a computer network to function properly and optimally. This work cannot be
performed by someone with only basic abilities. Take notice that the responsibility for managing
such a system is significant, as allocating rights and passwords might be hard. Similarly, network
configuration and connection are moment jobs that cannot be done by an average technician lack
advanced experience.
P a g e | 5
Physical
．．．．．．．．
Layer:
．．．．．．
The lowest layer of the OSI Model is concerned with electrically or optically passing raw unstructured
data bits over the network from the sending device's physical layer to the receiving device's physical
layer. Voltages, pin arrangement, cabling, and radio frequencies are examples of requirements. At the
physical layer, "physical" resources such as network hubs, cabling, repeaters, network adapters, or
modems may be found.
Data
．．．．
Link
．．．．
Layer:
．．．．．．
Directly linked nodes are utilized at the data link layer to execute node-to-node data transmission,
where data is bundled into frames. Errors that may have happened at the physical layer are also
corrected by the data connection layer.
The data connection layer is divided into two sub-layers. The first, media access control (MAC),
controls and multiplexes device communications over a network.
The second, logical link control (LLC), controls traffic and errors on the physical media and defines line
protocols.
Network
．．．．．．．
Layer
．．．．．
The network layer is in charge of accepting frames from the data link layer and delivering them to
their respective destinations depending on the addresses contained inside the frame. The network
layer locates the destination by employing logical addresses, such as IP addresses. Routers are an
important component at this tier because they literally route information across networks.
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Transport
．．．．．．．．．
Layer:
．．．．．．
The transport layer is in charge of data packet delivery and error checking. It governs the size,
sequencing, and, ultimately, data flow between systems and hosts. TCP is one of the most popular
instances of the transport layer.
Session
．．．．．．．
Layer
．．．．．
:
．
The session layer manages the communications that take place between computers. At layer 5, a
session or connection between machines is established, managed, and ended. Authentication and
reconnections are also part of session layer services.
Presentation
．．．．．．．．．．．．
Layer:
．．．．．．
Based on the syntax or semantics that the application accepts, the presentation layer prepares or
P a g e | 8
3. Network Types:
3. 1 LAN (Local Area Network):
A local area network (LAN) is a collection of computers and peripheral devices that are connected in a
specific location, such as a school, laboratory, house, or business building. It's a popular network for
sharing resources such as files, printers, games, and other software. Connecting PCs and a printer in
someone's home or workplace is the most basic sort of LAN network. LAN will be utilized as one form
of communication medium in general.
P a g e | 9
Characteristics of LAN:
Since it is a network device, it is never overseen by a service provider.
When compared to other Networking technologies, LAN operates at a greater rate.
Access point and ethernet are good instances of media access control technologies.
Advantages of LAN:
Purchases of hardware are reduced.
All network users' data can be saved on the server computer's single hard disk.
Transfer data and communications easily via networked computers and manage data in a single
location, making data more secure.
Easy to check and fix errors
The Local Area Network allows all LAN users to share a single internet connection.
Disadvantages of LAN:
Although LANs save money due to pooled computer resources, the initial cost of constructing
Local Area Networks is relatively significant.
So the LAN administrator has access to every LAN user's personal data files, it does not provide
enough privacy.
As a result, the LAN administrator gets access to each LAN user's personal data files, which is
insufficiently private.
Local Area Network requires a constant LAN administration as there are issues related to
software setup and hardware failures.
3.2 WAN (Wide Area Network):
In its simplest form, a wide-area network (WAN) is a collection of local-area networks (LANs) or other
networks that communicate with one another. A WAN is essentially a network of networks, with the
Internet the world's largest WAN. Today, there are several types of WANs, built for a variety of use
cases that touch virtually every aspect of modern life.