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ASSIGNMENT 2 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing
Unit number and title Unit 2: Networking Infrastructure
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Task 1 - Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards (P1)
1. DEFINITION OF NETWORK
A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams.
2. TYPES OF POPULAR NETWORK:
2.1 LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
Definition: Local Area Network (LAN) is a high-speed communications system designed to connect computers and other data processing devices working together in a small geographical area such as a floor of the building, or in a building Figure 1 : LAN network
Benefits:.................................................................................................................................................................................................
WAN covers larger geographical area. Hence business offices situated at longer distances can easily communicate. Like LAN, it allows sharing of resources and application software among distributed workstations or users. Organizations can form their global integrated network through WAN. Moreover, it supports global markets and global businesses.
Constraints:..........................................................................................................................................................................................
Initial investment costs are higher. It has lower security compare to LAN and MAN due to wider coverage and use of more technologies. Security is big concern and requires use of firewall and security software/protocols at multiple points across the entire system. There are more errors and issues due to wide coverage and use of different technologies. It is difficult to maintain the network.
2.3 METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORKS (MAN)
Definition:.............................................................................................................................................................................................
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large local area network (LAN) but smaller than the area covered by a wide area network (WAN). Figure 3 : MAN network
Benefits:.................................................................................................................................................................................................
MAN requires fewer resources than WAN. MAN helps people interface LAN together faster. MAN provide better security than WAN. Like LAN and WAN, MAN also offers centralized management of data and files. MAN uses the limitations of both LAN and WAN to provide a larger, controllable network. High speed than WAN. Constraint: It is difficult to manage MAN when MAN becomes large. It requires more cables to connect from one place to another than the LAN. It is difficult to make the system secure from hackers If MAN is installed on copper wires then there will be very low speed. So, it required the high cost to set up fiber optics for the first time.
3. PROTOCOL
Definition:.............................................................................................................................................................................................
A network protocol is an established set of rules that determine how data is transmitted between different devices in the same network. Essentially, it allows connected devices to communicate with each other, regardless of any differences in their internal processes, structure or design. Essentially, it allows connected devices to communicate with each other, regardless of any differences in their internal processes, structure or design. Network protocols are the reason you can easily communicate with people all over the world, and thus play a critical role in modern digital communications.
Some common protocol:.............................................................................................................................................................
The Transmission Control Protocol /Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is collection of networking protocols
that implement the protocol stack on which the Internet and most commercial computer network’s
function is the TCP/IP protocol package. Named after its two main protocols, TCP (Transmission
Control Protocol) and IP (Internet Protocol), this set of protocols.
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a networked, collaborative, and hypermedia information
system application layer protocol. It employs a client-server architecture, with the web browser serving
as the client. A request and response protocol is one in which the client submits a request to the server,
which the server then processes before returning a response to the client. The Domain Name System
protocol (DNS) assists in the mapping or translation of host names to IP addresses. DNS is based on a
client-server model that employs a distributed database dispersed across a hierarchy of name servers.
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a communication protocol that allows network
managers to automate IP address assignment in a network. Every device that connects to the Internet
over an IP network requires a unique IP address. It enables network administrators to distribute IP
Task 2 - Explain the impact of network topology, communication and bandwidth requirements (P2)
1. NETWORK TOPOLOGY
Definition:.........................................................................................................................................................................................
Network topology is the schematic description of the arrangement of the physical and logical elements of a communication network. Physical network topology , which is the physical signal transmission medium
Logical network topology , which refers to the manner in which data travels through the network between
devices, independent of physical connection of the devices.
1.1 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL NETWORK:
Figure 4 : Compare Physical and Logical network Figure 5 : Types of network Topology
1.2 SOME POPULAR TOPOLOGIES NETWORK
1.2.1 BUS NETWORK TOPOLOGY
Definition:..........................................................................................................................................................................................
Also known as backbone network topology, this configuration connects all devices to a main cable
via drop lines.
Advantages :
lie in its simplicity, as there is less cable required than in alternative topologies, which makes for
easy installation.
Disadvantages :
They are relatively vulnerable since they transfer data over a single cable. If a cable fails, the entire
network goes down, which may be time-consuming and expensive to restore, but this is less of an
issue with smaller networks. Bus topologies are best suited for small networks due to limited
capacity. Transmission rates are slowed with each new node.
Definition
Two dedicated point-to-point links connect a device to the two devices located on either side of it,
creating a ring of devices through which data is forwarded via repeaters until it reaches the target
device.
Advantages:.......................................................................................................................................................................................
The complicated point-to-point connectivity of the nodes makes it relatively easy to find faults or
misconfigurations on the network, making ring topologies cost-effective and economical to
develop.
Disadvantages:.................................................................................................................................................................................
Even if you're meticulous about node performance, a transmission line failure might put your
network to a standstill. Because all network devices share bandwidth in a ring topology, adding
more devices may raise overall communication delays. To prevent overburdening the network's
resources and capabilities, network administrators must exercise caution while adding devices to
the topology.
Figure 8 : Ring Topology
1.2.4 STAR NETWORK TOPOLOGY
Definition:..........................................................................................................................................................................................
The most common network topology, star topology connects each device in the network to a
central hub. Devices can only communicate with each other indirectly through the central hub.
Advantages:.......................................................................................................................................................................................
Star topologies are popular because they allow you to govern your whole network from a single
point. Because each node is connected to the central hub independently, if one fails, the rest of the
network will continue to function correctly, making the star topology a dependable and secure
network structure. Devices can also be added, destroyed, or upgraded without disrupting the
network as a whole.
Disadvantages:.................................................................................................................................................................................
If, on the other hand, the central hub fails, the entire network fails with it. Administrators should
have few issues as long as the central hub is properly controlled and maintained. The configuration
and technological requirements of the central node also restrict the network's total capacity and
performance, making star topologies expensive to set up and run.
Figure 9 : Star Topology
Disadvantages:.................................................................................................................................................................................
Large cabling is required as compared to star and bus topology. On the failure of a hub, the entire
network fails. Tree network is very difficult to configure than other network topologies.
2. COMMUNICATION AND BANDWIDTH
2.1 COMMUNICATION
Definition The flow of information inside an organization is referred to as the communication network. Rather of being a free flow, information within an organization typically travels through a system. Communication networks are the regular patterns of person-to-person contacts that allow information to move throughout an organization.
2.2 RULES IN NETWORK
Rules are an essential part of data quality. Network rules and attribute rules, when used together, assist to ensure data integrity.
2.2.1 Connectivity rules................................................................................................................................................................
There are three types of connectivity rules: Junction-junction connectivity Junction-edge connectivity Edge-junction-edge connectivity Geometric coincidence or connectivity relationships underpin edge-junction-edge connectivity laws. These determine the sorts of line features or edge objects that can be linked by an intermediary junction feature or junction object. When you enable or validate the network architecture, the edge-junction-edge connectivity rules are examined. Figure 11 : Tree Topology Figure 12 : Connectivity rules
2.2.2 Structural attachment rules.............................................................................................................................................
During edit procedures, structural attachment rules are assessed. When attempting to form an association, the associated set of rules is examined to ensure the validity of the association. If no rule exists to support the association, an error is returned, and the feature is not added to the Modify Associations pane.
2.2.3 Containment rules...............................................................................................................................................................
During edit activities, containment rules are reviewed. When attempting to form an association, the associated set of rules is examined to ensure the validity of the association. If no rule exists to support the association, an error is returned, and the feature is not added to the Modify Associations pane. When activating or verifying the network topology, changes made to features participating in containment relationships are examined.
2.3 Bandwidth..................................................................................................................................................................................
Definition:..........................................................................................................................................................................................
Definition:..........................................................................................................................................................................................
Network bandwidth is a measurement of a wired or wireless communications link's maximum ability to send data via a network connection in a given length of time. Bandwidth is often expressed as the amount of bits, kilobits, megabits, or gigabits that can be sent in one second. Bandwidth, which is synonymous with capacity, specifies the pace at which data is transferred, which necessary for networks. A popular misperception is that bandwidth is a measure of network speed. Figure 13 : Structural attachment rules Figure 14 : Containment rules
