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ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 16: Cloud Computing Submission date Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Student ID Class Assessor name Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. Student’s signature Lh Grading grid P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 D
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Table of Contents
- I. Introduction..............................................................................................................................................................................................
- II. Analyze the evolution and fundamental concept of Cloud Computing..................................................................................................
- What is the Cloud?...............................................................................................................................................................................
- Definition of Cloud Computing...........................................................................................................................................................
- The evolution of Cloud Computing.....................................................................................................................................................
- The fundamentals of cloud computing..............................................................................................................................................
- Application of cloud computing........................................................................................................................................................
- Conclusions and recommendations for ATN company.....................................................................................................................
- III. Why an organization should migrate to a Cloud Computing solution?...............................................................................................
- IV. Design an appropriate architectural Cloud Computing framework for a given scenario....................................................................
- V. Deployment model................................................................................................................................................................................
- Private cloud......................................................................................................................................................................................
- Public cloud.......................................................................................................................................................................................
- Hybrid cloud......................................................................................................................................................................................
- Community cloud...............................................................................................................................................................................
- Conclusions and recommendations for ATN company.....................................................................................................................
- VI. Service models.....................................................................................................................................................................................
- VII. Demonstrate these deployment models with real world examples....................................................................................................
- VIII. Conclusion........................................................................................................................................................................................
- IX. References............................................................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 1. The symbol used to denote the boundary of a cloud environment...............................................................................................
- Figure 2. Cloud computing architecture......................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 3. Evolution of Various Computing model......................................................................................................................................
- Figure 4. Cloud architecture......................................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 5. Four types of cloud computing...................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 6. Private cloud...............................................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 7. Public cloud................................................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 8. Hybrid cloud...............................................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 9. Community cloud.......................................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 10. Table compare of deployment model.......................................................................................................................................
- Figure 11. Cloud service models...............................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 12. IaaS...........................................................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 13. PaaS..........................................................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 14. Table compare service models.................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 15. Gmail with private cloud..........................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 16. AWS with public cloud............................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 17. Cisco Hybrid Cloud Platform for Google Cloud......................................................................................................................
originated as a metaphor for the Internet which is, in essence, a network of networks providing remote access to a set of decentralized IT resources. Figure 1. The symbol used to denote the boundary of a cloud environment We need to clearly distinguish two terms: "cloud" and the cloud symbol from the Internet. As a specific environment used to remotely provision IT resources, a cloud has a finite boundary. There are many individual clouds that are accessible via the Internet. While the Internet provides open access to many Web-based IT resources, a cloud is typically privately owned and provides access to metered IT resources. Much of the Internet is dedicated to the access of content-based IT resources published via the World Wide Web. On the other hand, the IT resources provided by the cloud environment are dedicated to providing back-end processing and user- based access to these capabilities. One key difference is that it is not necessary for the cloud Web-based even if they are often based on Internet protocols and technologies. Protocols refer to standards and methods that allow computers to communicate with each other in a predefined and structured manner. A cloud can be based on uses any of the protocols that allow remote access to its IT resources.
2. Definition of Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is an internet-based computing which helps in sharing various processed resources and data to computers and other devices. Cloud computing is one of the booming technologies which provides many services such as, computing, databases, storages, virtual machines, servers, analytics, machine intelligence and many more. Cloud provides these services over internet which makes it scalable and hence helps the enterprises to eliminate the capital expenditure on purchasing hardware for their organizations. According to NIST, Cloud computing is defined as " A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient or demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisional and related with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. " Cloud provides models for using these services for the user.
There are two types of cloud models- Service models and Deployment models. Service models are classified on the basis of the types of services provided by the cloud, whereas Deployment models are classified on the basis of how and by whom the cloud services are used. Service models are broadly classified to three types: IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service) and SaaS (Software as a Service. There are many other known services by cloud such as MBaas (Mobile Backend as a Service), DaaS (Data as a Service), MaaS (Monitoring as a Service) etc. Deployment models include public cloud, private cloud, community cloud and hybrid cloud. There are other deployment models for cloud such as Inter cloud, Distributed cloud etc. Figure 2. Cloud computing architecture
3. The evolution of Cloud Computing
The Fifth Generation of Computing (after Mainframe, Personal Computer, Client-Server Computing, and the web) is Cloud Computing. Computer is the systematic study of algorithmic processes that describe and transform information, the theory, analysis, design, efficiency, implementation, and their application. The term "computing" is synonymous with counting and calculating. The “cloud” is just a metaphor for the Internet. In the simplest terms, cloud computing means storing and accessing data and programs over the
In phase 2, stand-alone PCs became powerful enough to meet the majority of users’ needs. In phase 3, PCs, laptops, and servers were connected together through local networks to share resources and increase performance. In phase 4, local networks were connected to other local networks forming a global network such as the Internet to utilize remote applications and resources. In phase 5, grid computing provided shared computing power and storage through a distributed computing. system. In phase 6, cloud computing further provides shared resources on the Internet in a scalable and simple way. Comparing these six computing paradigms, it looks like that cloud computing is a return to the original mainframe computing paradigm. However, these two paradigms have several important differences. Mainframe computing offers finite computing power, while cloud computing provides almost infinite power and capacity. In addition, in mainframe computing dummy terminals acted as user interface devices, while in cloud computing powerful PCs can provide local computing power and cashing support
4. The fundamentals of cloud computing
In this section, I describe the essential characteristics that a cloud must possess. Any cloud is expected to have these five characteristics that are being described below: On-demand self-service means that a consumer can request and receive access to service offering, without an administrator or some sort of support staff having to fulfill the request manually. The request processes and fulfillment processes are all automated. This offers advantages for both the provider and the consumer of the service. Broad network access : Cloud capabilities (HW and SW) are available over the network and accessed through various flatforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and tablets). Resource pooling : The provider’s computing resources (HW and SW) are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to user’s demand. Multi-tenancy is the most important feature of the cloud-based application. It is characterized by the location independence feature in which the customer has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher
level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter). Examples of resources include storage, processing, memory, network bandwidth, and virtual machines. Rapid elasticity : Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned; it can be quickly scaled out, and quickly scaled in. For the user, the capabilities available for provisioning appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time. Measured Service : Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resources use by leveraging a metering capability in which resources’ usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service. The advantage here is that you are paying for exactly what you are using.
5. Application of cloud computing
Cloud computing has a wide range of applications for organizations. Some examples of Cloud Computing in the application domain include: Online email : or web-based e-mail is any e-mail client implemented as a web application and accessed via the Internet. (developed by e.g., Microsoft, Yahoo, Google) Online storage services : offer services of storing electronic data with a third-party service and accessed via the Internet. (e.g., Humyo, ZumoDrive, Microsoft’s SkyDrive) Photo Editing Software : Picnik, Pixlr, etc. are popular free online photo editing software. This online software has features such as cropping of the image, resizing, rotation based on degrees, special effects, addition and editing features are also included in a GUI (Graphical User Interface) format. Digital Video Software : Hulu is a free application for videos to be found online for free. Cloud users can download popular movies, TV shows and documentaries and watch them on their web browser. Hulu is a joint venture of three viz companies. Fox Entertainment Group, NBC Universal and ABC Inc. There are other popular video sites like - WatchMoviesOnline, most popular YouTube, Google videos, etc. Web application : run, perform functions completely based on network connections. One example is Cloud Antivirus, this application on the cloud is provided by Panda Security - a Spanish company which provides functionality to keep the virus away from a clean system and also detects and fix a system infested with malware or other forms of computer viruses.
data. This happens since data in the cloud is automatically duplicated, so nothing is ever lost. In other words, in case your personal computer crashes, all your data is still safe and preserved in the cloud and is, therefore, still accessible. Productivity : save time (no need to set multiple layers of security and firewalls, ...) Limits of cloud computing: Needs Constant Internet Connection : Cloud computing is not possible without an Internet connection. Without an internet connection you cannot access your documents and applications. Less Control: Even utilizing the public cloud in business has an obvious disadvantage. By using this technology, we risk losing a level of control over our organization. While many IT managers are experimenting with various ways of implementing an in-house cloud system that runs on delivered metered services, this is not always the most lucrative business move. Stored Data might not be Secure and Confidentiality Issues might exist : Cloud computing means Internet computing. It means that all our data is stored on the cloud that is on the Web. So, avoid using cloud computing applications that involve using or storing data that we are not comfortable having on the Internet. Be sure to have strong security technologies and protocols established before using cloud computing We can get in trouble if cloud Loses your Data: We know that data stored in the cloud is unusually safe and it is duplicated across multiple machines. That said, we must remember that there are chances that we may have no physical or local backup in case our data might go missing. If we systematically download all our cloud documents to our own desktop which not everybody does, we may secure your data.
III. Why an organization should migrate to a Cloud Computing
solution?
Cloud computing tends to be different from the other computing concepts. Basically, it supports an interactive and user-friendly web applications. Different people will have their own perspective. Some people will consider cloud computing as a virtualized computer resources, dynamic development and software deployment. In today’s world, cloud computing has played an important role especially in business. It is able to bring a various benefit to business. Cloud computing is able to provide improved new capabilities which the traditional IT solution cannot provide.
Here are a few reasons why you should choose a cloud computing solution: Flexibility Most of the organizations choose to adopt cloud computing as it increases the business flexibility. It allows every employee to be more flexible in or out of their workplace. Employees who are on business trip can access the data as long as they have Internet connection through any kind of device. Various services provided by cloud computing help the organizations handle the business demand. Cloud computing allows the employees to share documents and files over the Internet simultaneously. Thus, every employee can get the updated version. This gives an added advantage especially for an organization's employees who often work outside of the organization and now they can easily access to their data. Thus, the business owners do not need to be in one location, but now can spend their time on other business in another location. Besides, due to the data and files are stored virtually on the Internet, it allows the employees to access the same resources simultaneously. Cost Reduction The main reason that organizations adopting cloud computing in their business is it helps in cost reduction. Organizations are enamored by the chance of cost reduction as the cloud service providers provide “in-house” provision of these services. Besides, the organizations pay only for what they use. It means the organizations only pay for the services that they use when they access cloud services.
- Reduced IT Infrastructure Costs The IT departments in large organizations can enjoy lower costs from the adoption of the cloud computing models. The IT staff can use the computing power of the cloud to supplement or replace internal computing resources instead of spending on more powerful servers. - Less Maintenance Issues: Cloud computing is also very beneficial as it significantly reduces both hardware and software maintenance for all big, small and medium sized organizations. Maintenance costs are immediately lowered as less hardware and few servers are necessary in most organization so maintenance costs are automatically reduced. As for the software maintenance, there is no software on the firm’s computers for the IT staff to maintain. This is because all the cloud applications are centered somewhere else. Cloud services are usually based on HTTP, XML, HTML, JavaScript, and other similar technologies. Therefore, the infrastructure and technologies behind the cloud are not visible to the user. - Less Software Costs
Due to the scalability of services in the cloud, it helps to solve the problems and increase customer satisfaction. Cloud computing is able to make the resources available quickly, which removes the capacity planning needs. Cloud computing is an added advantage especially for smaller organizations because they can expand the resources when necessary. Besides, cloud computing allows the users to analyze a huge amount of data in just a few minutes due to its processing power. This has successfully attracted the business analysts to analyze market and predict the customers’ behavior and buying habits. As discussed in this session, cloud computing brings conveniences and benefits to the organizations such as business flexibility, cost reduction, automatic hardware and software upgrade, agility and scalability. The main benefit is it helps to reduce the unnecessary costs such as purchasing and maintaining hardware and software. Besides, the workers working in IT are reduced. However, like all other technologies, there are some issues with cloud computing. The biggest concern, is security, especially data stealing. More organizations will be willing to adopt cloud computing only if the issues are solved. Some solutions have been suggested to overcome these issues. The safety of cloud computing service should be placed at the front. Cloud service providers should provide regulatory compliances that the users may concern about. Through the compliances, it helps the users to be certified securely. Besides, security, policies should be provided with details regarding access control, risk management, system backup and recovery.
IV. Design an appropriate architectural Cloud Computing
framework for a given scenario
Any technology model consists of an architecture based on which the model functions, which is a hierarchical view of describing the technology. The cloud also has an architecture that describes its working mechanism. Cloud architecture consists of a hierarchical set of components that collectively describe the way the cloud works. Cloud architecture includes 4 layers: user layer, Service provider layer, virtualization layer and physical layer.
Figure 4. Cloud architecture Layer 1(user/client layer) : This layer is the lowest layer in the cloud architecture. All the users or client belong to this layer. This is the place where the client/user initiates the connection to the cloud. The client can be any device such as a thin client, thick client, or mobile or any handheld device that would support basic functionalities to access a web application. Layer 2(network layer) : This layer allows the users to connect to the cloud. The whole cloud infrastructure is dependent on this connection where the services are offered to the customers. This is primarily the Internet in the case of a public cloud. In the case of a private cloud, the connectivity may be provided by a local area network (LAN). This layer does not come under the purview of service-level agreements (SLAs).
Figure 5. Four types of cloud computing
1. Private cloud
Private cloud (internal cloud) infrastructure is dedicated to a single particular organization or group. It is not shared with other organizations. Private cloud can be owned or leased. It may be managed by the organization or a third party and can exist at on- premises or off-premises. Private cloud is hosted inside the organization’s firewall. It can be accessed by users within the organizations via internet as shown in figure below:
Figure 6. Private cloud Private clouds are flexible and service-based. Processes, services and data are managed within the organization. In private cloud there are no additional security regulations, legal requirements or bandwidth limitations that can be present in a public cloud environment, by using a private cloud, the cloud service providers and the clients have optimized control of the infrastructure and improved security, since user’s access and the networks used are restricted. The advantage of this model is that the company can be proactive in everything from use, upgrading to rank usage data. But besides that, it is also some disadvantages that businesses should know that they have to build the whole thing, so the initial construction cost is inevitable, followed by the technology to suit the needs and company usage levels. And one of the most important factors is that it can only be used internally, so it will be very difficult if businesses want to cooperate to quickly scale up or carry out methodical and temporary projects. Private cloud’s characteristics:
