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ASSIGNMENT 1 BRIEF
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number Unit 16: Cloud computing Assignment title Cloud Computing Solutions Academic Year 2022 – 2023 Unit Tutor Ho Hai Van Issue date Submission date IV name and date Submission Format: Format: The submission is in the form of 1 document You must use font Calibri size 12, set number of the pages and use multiple line spacing at 1.3. Margins must be: left: 1.25 cm; right: 1 cm; top: 1 cm and bottom: 1 cm. The reference follows Harvard referencing system. Submission Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the Tutors. The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/ Note: The Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student or from books etc. If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you must reference your sources, using the Harvard style. Make sure that you know how to reference properly, and that understand the guidelines on plagiarism. If you do not, you definitely get failed Unit Learning Outcomes: LO1 Demonstrate an understanding of the fundamentals of Cloud Computing and its architectures. LO2 Evaluate the deployment models, service models and technological drivers of Cloud Computing and validate their use. Assignment Brief and Guidance:
Scenario
ATN is a Vietnamese company which is selling toys to teenagers in many provinces all over Vietnam. The company has the revenue over 700.000 dollars/year. Currently each shop has its own database to store transactions for that shop only. Each shop has to send the sale data to the board director monthly and the board director need lots of time to summarize the data collected from all the shops. Besides the board can’t see the stock information update in real time. The table of contents in your technical report should be as follows:
- As a developer, explain to the board director the fundamentals of cloud computing and how it is popular nowadays (about 2500 words)
- Proposed solution (higher level solution description – around 700 words) and explain the appropriateness of the solution for the scenario (about 400 words with images and diagrams) which might include: a. Architectural design (architectural diagram and description). b. Detailed design: i. Deployment model (discussion on why that model was chosen). ii. Service model (discussion on why that model was chosen). iii. Programming language/ webserver/database server chosen.
- Summary. General guidelines:
- Instead of providing definitions but also provide with examples.
- Provide more own arguments instead of definitions
- Making use of academic references instead of web tutorials
- For a cloud architecture look at the bottom of this document
The dynamic scalability architecture can be applied to a range of IT resources, including virtual servers and cloud storage devices. Besides the core automated scaling listener and resource replication mechanisms, the following mechanisms can also be used in this form of cloud architecture:
- Cloud Usage Monitor – Specialized cloud usage monitors can track runtime usage in response to dynamic fluctuations caused by this architecture.
- Hypervisor – The hypervisor is invoked by a dynamic scalability system to create or remove virtual server instances, or to be scaled itself.
- Pay-Per-Use Monitor – The pay-per-use monitor is engaged to collect usage cost information in response to the scaling of IT resources.
Contents
- I. Analyze the evolution and fundamental concepts of Cloud Computing.
- Definition of cloud computing.
- Essential Characteristics of Cloud Computing.
- Evolution of cloud computing....................................................................................................................................
- Technologies that contributed to cloud computing evolution.
- II. Design an appropriate architectural Cloud Computing framework for a given scenario............................................
- Analyze scenario.
- Cloud computing architecture for scenario.
- III. Define an appropriate deployment model for a given scenario.
- Private cloud.
- Public cloud..............................................................................................................................................................
- Community cloud.....................................................................................................................................................
- Hybrid cloud.............................................................................................................................................................
- Deployment model for scenario.
- IV. Compare the service models for choosing an adequate model for a given scenario.
- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):
- Platform as a Service (PaaS).
- Software as a Service (SaaS).
- Comparison of three cloud service models.
- References………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- Figure 1. Cloud computing................................................................................................................................................. Table of contents.
- Figure 2. Characteristics of cloud computing.
- Figure 3. Evolution of cloud computing.............................................................................................................................
- Figure 4. Cloud computing architecture.
- Figure 5. Private cloud.
- Figure 6. Public cloud.......................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 7. Community cloud..............................................................................................................................................
- Figure 8. Hybrid cloud......................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 9. IaaS....................................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 10. PaaS.
- Figure 11. SaaS.................................................................................................................................................................
Five fundamental aspects of cloud computing are listed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity and measurable service. On-demand self-service: You may automatically provide computer resources, such as server time and network storage, with cloud computing. There is no need for you to communicate with the service provider. Customers of cloud services can examine their cloud services, track their consumption, and provision and de- provision services by logging into their cloud accounts using an online self-service portal. Broad network access: Broad network connectivity is another crucial aspect of cloud computing. Cloud services are accessible across a network and on portable devices including laptops, desktop computers, tablets, and cell phones. A private cloud employs a local area network, whereas a public cloud uses the internet. Broad network access and cloud computing both rely heavily on latency and bandwidth since they have an impact on service quality. Resource pooling: Using a multi-tenant approach, resource pooling enables numerous customers to share physical resources. Based on demand, this model distributes and redistributes real and virtual resources. Customers can share the same applications or infrastructure with multi-tenancy while still retaining their privacy and security. Customers may be able to designate the location of their resources at a higher level of abstraction, such as a country, state, or data center, even though they won't know the precise location of their resources. Customers can pool a variety of resources, including memory, computing power, and bandwidth. Rapid elasticity: Customers can scale swiftly based on demand thanks to the elastic provisioning and releasing capabilities of cloud services. There are essentially no limits on the capabilities that can be provisioned. Customers can use these features whenever they want and in whatever amount. Customers can scale cloud capacity, cost, and usage without incurring additional contracts or charges. You won't need to acquire computer hardware thanks to quick elasticity. employ the cloud computing resources provided by the cloud provider instead. Measured Service: A metering capability in cloud systems optimizes resource utilization at an abstraction level appropriate for the type of service. For storage, processing, bandwidth, and users, for instance, you can utilize a measured service. A pay-for-what-you-use model is used to base payments on the customer's actual consumption. Consumers and service providers benefit from a transparent experience that is created by monitoring, managing, and reporting resource use.
3. Evolution of cloud computing.
The development of cloud computing goes through three stages. These stages include:
- Idea phase: The origins of cloud computing can be traced back to the early 1960s with the introduction of utility and grid computing that lasted until the pre-internet bubble period. Cloud computing was conceptualized and initiated by Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider, who is considered the founder of this technology.
- Pre-phase: The period before cloud computing, which began in 1999 and lasted until 2006, saw the emergence of the internet as the primary means of delivering Applications as a Service (AaaS).
- Cloud phase: The actual phase of cloud computing commenced in 2007 when the development of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS) was officially formalized. Throughout the history of cloud computing, some of the world's most
prominent computer and web organizations have introduced some significant breakthroughs in this technology. (Maun, 2018) Figure 3. Evolution of cloud computing. History and evolution of cloud computing from 1960’s to 2013:
- 1960’s : John McCarthy, a well-known figure in Computer Science, played a significant role in the development of cloud computing. He introduced the concept of time-sharing, which enabled corporations to use expensive mainframe computers more efficiently. This was a pioneering step towards cloud computing and the establishment of the internet. McCarthy's contribution to this technology was significant.
- 1969 : J.C.R. Licklider had a vision of connecting the world and interconnecting global resources. To achieve this, he introduced the concepts of "Galactic Network" and "Intergalactic Computer Network." He also played a critical role in the development of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), which was a pioneering step towards achieving a global network.
- 1970 : During this era, it became feasible to operate multiple Operating Systems separately within isolated environments.
- 1997 : The concept of "Cloud Computing" was introduced by Professor Ramnath Chellappa in Dallas
- 1999 : Salesforce.com pioneered the concept of enterprise applications delivered through simple websites. In addition to that, the company also paved the way for helping professionals develop and deliver applications via the internet.
- 2003 : The Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM), which enables the operation of several virtual guest operating systems on a single device, set the groundwork for numerous other major inventions.
- 2006 : Amazon has also expanded its operations by offering cloud services. With the introduction of pay-as-you-go models for services such as EC2 and Simple Storage Service S3, they established a standard practice that is still widely used today.
- 2013 : The Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) model contributed to the Worldwide Public Cloud Services Market reaching a total of £78bn, making it the most rapidly growing market service of that year. (Maun, 2018).
can rent various resources such as data storage space, computing power, and even hardware, such as CPUs and monitors, on-demand. This allows them to scale up or down their usage according to their changing needs, without having to invest in and manage their own infrastructure.
II. Design an appropriate architectural Cloud Computing framework for a given
scenario.
1. Analyze scenario.
Certainly. ATN, a Vietnamese toy company, currently faces several challenges while managing their sales and inventory information through individual shop databases. This approach lacks real-time updates and creates redundancy in data management, hindering efficient management at the organizational level. The ideal solution for ATN to manage their data more effectively and reliably is by leveraging cloud computing. By storing all data in a centralized, cloud-based system, ATN can streamline their data management process, reduce redundancy, and create a more efficient and secure environment for data sharing. A cloud-based system would enable all shops to input their sales information in real-time, eliminating the need for manual data transfer. The board of directors can access the cloud platform to view stock information in real-time, helping them make quick and informed decisions that can improve company growth. Implementing cloud solutions would ensure a high level of system reliability and availability, with advanced security features such as multi-factor authentication and encryption protecting the data. This secure infrastructure will help reduce risks related to data loss or theft, enhancing protection of sensitive business information.
2. Cloud computing architecture for scenario.
To apply cloud computing architecture for the given scenario of ATN, a Vietnamese toy company, we could:
- Determine the cloud deployment model: Based on the requirements and business operations of ATN, it would be best to adopt the public cloud model as it offers scalability, high availability, reliability, and reduced costs.
- Choose a Cloud Provider: We recommend ATN to engage with a reputable cloud services provider such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, or Google Cloud Platform, who offer robust and scalable cloud services.
- Develop an Architecture Plan: Once a cloud provider is selected, we can start developing an architecture plan. The architecture plan will include a list of cloud services and resources that best suit the needs of ATN, such as virtual machines, storage, a relational or non-relational database, networking, and security services.
- Create a cloud-based database: To address the current inefficiencies related to stock management, we would create a centralized, cloud-based database that would store all inventory data. Each shop would have access to input sales and restocking information into the cloud database in real-time. This would give ATN management visibility into stock levels across all shops, enabling them to make better- informed decisions and react quickly to stock imbalances.
- Set up a cloud-based security system: To ensure that the data in the cloud database remains secure, we would set up a cloud-based security system that provides the necessary firewalls, network security, and data encryption.
- Enable remote access: Being cloud-based, the system would enable remote access to the database, allowing authorized employees to access the database from anywhere and at any time, making it more efficient and flexible.
- Implement automated backups: In the event of a system outage or an unavoidable disaster, we would implement automated backups to prevent data loss and ensure quick recovery of data. Overall, this cloud computing architecture plan would help ATN to streamline their data management process, improve efficiency, enhance security, reduce redundancy, maintain high availability of the system, and provide scalability, all while at a lower cost. Figure 4. Cloud computing architecture. This is a table of comparison between system without cloud computing architecture and system with cloud computing architecture:
III. Define an appropriate deployment model for a given scenario.
Cloud computing includes four deployment models: Private Cloud, Public Cloud, Community Cloud, and Hybrid Cloud. Each deployment model is determined by the location of the infrastructure and who has control over it. It's essential to select a deployment model based on the organization's unique requirements because each model caters to different organizational needs. Therefore, it's important to choose a deployment model that satisfies the organization's needs and goals adequately.
1. Private cloud.
Figure 5. Private cloud. *Characteristics:
- Dedicated Infrastructure: A private cloud uses a dedicated infrastructure that is only accessible to a single organization, providing greater control over resources and data.
- High Level of Security: Because a private cloud is isolated and not shared with other organizations, data and resources are more secure and have less exposure to cyber-attacks.
- Customizable Configuration: A private cloud can be configured to meet the specific needs of a particular organization, providing greater flexibility in terms of computing resources and applications.
- Enhanced Availability: Private clouds can be designed to provide high availability if necessary, with redundancy built into the infrastructure to ensure that applications remain available in the event of component failure or other disruptions.
- Increased Control: With a private cloud, organizations have full control over data management, security, and compliance, which is not always possible with public cloud offerings.
- Greater Compliance: Private clouds offer enhanced compliance capabilities by implementing data privacy and security protocols by design using provider-defined security settings.
- Cost-Effective: Private clouds can provide cost savings by eliminating the need to invest in costly infrastructure and data center space, while also providing a high degree of customization and control.
*Suitability:
- High Security and Compliance Requirements: Organizations that deal with sensitive data may need to keep it within their own infrastructure due to compliance regulations. Private clouds provide a higher level of security and control over data management, making it a more suitable option for such organizations.
- Large Organizations with High Performance Demands: Organizations with a large number of users or applications that require high-performance features may benefit from a private cloud. This is because the organization can dedicate specific hardware and resources only to their applications' specific needs.
- Custom Applications: Private clouds may be more suitable when hosting custom or specialized applications. With private cloud, IT teams can manage the underlying infrastructure and the environment's configuration how it wants and cater to the custom requirements as needed.
- Reliability Required: Organizations whose business operations depend on a high level of reliability may find private clouds more desirable. With the right configuration, organizations can use private clouds to provide failover, redundancy, and high availability.
- Cost Constraints: Organizations may find that a private cloud solution is more suited to their budgets since the data center infrastructure can be owned and operated internally, rather than relying solely on third-party cloud service providers.
2. Public cloud.
Figure 6. Public cloud. *Characteristics:
- Shared Infrastructure: Public clouds are built on a shared infrastructure, where multiple users share the same resources, such as servers, storage, and networks.
- Scalability: Public clouds can dynamically scale up or down services and resource usage according to the user's needs without any limits on capacity or location.
- On-Demand Self-Service: Public cloud users can access and provision computing resources on- demand without the need for human intervention from the cloud provider.
- Broad Network Access: Public clouds can be accessed from anywhere using standard internet-based interfaces. The cloud provider is responsible for providing the necessary infrastructure and software.
*Characteristics:
- Shared Infrastructure: Community cloud is built on a shared infrastructure, where multiple organizations share the same resources, such as servers, storage, and networks.
- Cooperative Governance: Community cloud users cooperatively participate in the management and governance of the cloud's infrastructure, policies, and security measures.
- Industry-Specific: Community clouds typically cater to the needs of organizations in a specific industry or domain, such as healthcare, finance, or government.
- Scalability: Community cloud can dynamically scale up or down services and resource usage according to the user's needs without any limits on capacity or location.
- On-Demand Self-Service: Community cloud users can access and provision computing resources on- demand without the need for human intervention from the cloud provider.
- Broad Network Access: Community cloud can be accessed from anywhere using standard internet- based interfaces, just like public cloud.
- Pay-per-Use Model: Community clouds typically operate on a pay-per-use model, where users are only charged for the services and resources they use, with no upfront costs or long-term commitments, similar to public cloud.
- Governance and Security: The governance of the community cloud is jointly managed by the member organizations, and the cloud's security is managed cooperatively to meet the shared security, compliance and policy requirements specific to the community. *Suitability:
- Cost-efficiency: Sharing infrastructure and resources with other organizations in the same community can reduce upfront investment costs compared to private cloud deployment.
- Collaborative governance: Organizations in the community can work together to manage the cloud's policies, security, and compliance requirements, enabling greater control and transparency.
- Shared expertise: Community cloud users can share knowledge, best practices, and insights, leveraging the collective expertise of the community for common challenges.
- Customization: Community cloud can be customized to address the specific needs of the community, such as industry-specific compliance requirements, data governance policies, and service-level agreements.
- Scalability: Community clouds are capable of scaling up or down according to the shared needs of the community, ensuring that the available resources are optimally allocated and utilized.
- High Availability: Community cloud providers usually offer high levels of redundancy and failover mechanisms to ensure high availability of applications hosted on the cloud's infrastructure.
4. Hybrid cloud.
Figure 8. Hybrid cloud. *Characteristics:
- Combination of Two or More Cloud Deployment Models: Hybrid cloud combines at least two cloud deployment models, allowing organizations to mix and match public and private clouds or community clouds to best meet their unique needs.
- Integration of Cloud Infrastructures: Hybrid cloud infrastructures are integrated using standardized or proprietary APIs, tools, and processes, which enable workloads to flow seamlessly between clouds.
- Scalability and Flexibility: Hybrid cloud enables organizations to dynamically allocate resources and quickly scale up or down their computing needs while maintaining control over their sensitive data.
- Security and Data Control: Hybrid cloud provides different levels of security and data control for different workloads, allowing organizations to keep critical information in-house on a private cloud deployment, while still taking advantage of the scalability, low cost, and location-independent attributes of public clouds.
- Cost-Efficiency: Hybrid cloud enables organizations to combine the benefits of public cloud, such as cost savings, with the benefits of private cloud, such as security and control.
- High Availability and Disaster Recovery: Hybrid cloud enables organizations to use a combination of public cloud and private cloud for high availability and disaster recovery, ensuring the availability of critical workloads at all times.
- Data Management and Governance: Hybrid cloud enables organizations to use a combination of public cloud and private cloud to manage different types of data and workloads, which reduces complexity and improves governance and compliance. *Suitability:
- Varying Workloads: Hybrid cloud allows organizations to run workloads on the most appropriate cloud deployment model based on their performance, security, and cost requirements.
- Compliance and Security Requirements: Hybrid cloud allows organizations to keep sensitive data and applications on a private cloud deployment while still taking advantage of cloud services that comply with industry-specific security and compliance standards.
Figure 9. IaaS.
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS).
Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a cloud computing service model that provides further abstraction and simplification compared to IaaS. It allows users to build or deploy applications using pre-built tools such as programming languages, libraries, and other services, without requiring them to manage the underlying infrastructure. Instead, users have control over the applications themselves. Some examples of PaaS providers include Salesforce, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Heroku, Google App Engine (GAE), and OpenShift. PaaS is highly available and scalable, allowing organizations to build and create new services and solutions without requiring a high level of expertise or significant resources for software maintenance. PaaS is often preferred in hybrid cloud environments. (Climber and Czerniak, 2020). Figure 10. PaaS.
3. Software as a Service (SaaS).
Software as a Service (SaaS) is a cloud computing service model that enables users to access applications from a cloud provider's infrastructure using thin client or program interfaces. There are numerous examples of SaaS providers, such as Google G-Suite, Dropbox, Cisco Webex, Concur, Microsoft O365, Genesys, and PayPal. SaaS is a useful service model for applications that are highly interoperable, used by both internal and external users, and for short-term projects. SaaS models are preferred by small and medium-sized businesses that do not want to invest heavily in IT maintenance. (Climber and Czerniak, 2020). Figure 11. SaaS.
4. Comparison of three cloud service models.
