Understanding Absenteeism in Organizations: Causes, Effects, and Solutions - Prof. Baig, Assignments of Object Oriented Programming

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ASSIGNMENT 1

NAME:MOHAMMAD AHMAD

SAP ID:

SEMESTER : CS 4

TH

SUBMITTED TO:MAM MEHAK FATIMA.

Assignment # 01-Organizational Behavior

Q No 1: An insurance company has high levels of absenteeism among

the office staff. The head of office administration argues that employees

are misusing the company’s sick leave benefits. However, some of the

mostly female staff members have explained that family responsibilities

interfere with work. Using the MARS model, as well as your knowledge

of absenteeism behavior, discuss some of the possible reasons for

absenteeism here and how it might be reduced.

Answer:

Absenteeism is said to be there when an employee fails to come to work when he is scheduled to work. Absenteeism means absence of workers from the regular work without prior permission, notice or sanction. It is unauthorized leave and is different from regular holiday. In brief, absenteeism means absence which is willful but avoidable. Types of Absenteeism Absenteeism are classified in to four types (1) Authorized Absenteeism: If an employee absents himself from work by taking permission form his superior and applying for leave (2) Unauthorized Absenteeism: If an employee absent himself from work without informing or taking permission and without applying for leave. (3) Willful Absenteeism :If an employee absents himself from duty willfully (4) Absenteeism caused by circumstances beyond one’s Control: If an employee absent himself from duty owing to the circumstances beyond his control like accidents or sickness. Causes for Absenteeism

1. Normal work – flow in the factory is disturbed
2. Overall production in the factory goes down.
3. Difficulty is faced in executing the orders in time.
4. Casual workers may have to be employed to meet production schedules. Such workers are not Trained properly.
5. Overtime allowance bill increases considerably because of higher absenteeism.
6. When a number of workers absent themselves, there is extra pressure of work on their colleagues who are present.
7. Workers lose wages for the unauthorized absence from work.
8. Habitual absentees may be removed from services causing them great hardship. Measures to Control Absenteeism Absenteeism cannot be eliminated altogether. So measures should be taken to minimize the rate of absenteeism. Measures are as follows
9. Proper Hiring - It is necessary that people with rights skills and experience are selected. Every employee should as far as possible be assigned work according to capabilities, aptitude and interest.
10. Good working condition - Proper sanitation, drinking water, canteen, first aid, rest pauses and mechanization can help to reduce absenteeism by making work environment pleasant.
11. Housing and Transport facilities- Provision of housing accommodation, preferably neat the factory and bus facility will ensure regular attendance of workers.
12. Safety programs - Adequate safety measures help to minimize industrial accidents and reduce fear of injury among employees. As a result attendance becomes improved.
13. Incentives - Special bonus, cash prizes and preference in promotion to regular employees encourage workers to be regular in their attendance.
14. Effective supervision - Supervisors can considerably reduce absenteeism by earning the confidence and commitment of workers.
15. Disciplinary Action - Suitable action should be taken against chronic absentees. Punitive action may be in the form of publishing their names in company house magazines, fines, withholding pay increment, denial of promotion, suspension, dismissal, etc.

8. Regular leave provision - A provision should be made wherein every worker can avail a few days of leave during a year. Holidays with pay will enable a worker to attend to his private affairs.
9. Employee Counseling - Guidance and counseling help employees to eliminate bad habits like drinking and gambling. Habitual absentees can be persuaded to become regulate by impressing upon them the loss arising to them due to absenteeism. Education and training can be used to develop a sense of responsibility.
10. Proper Records- Detailed and update records of absenteeism should be maintained. Absenteeism above the predetermined level should be carefully analyzed age wise, sex wise, month wise and other bases. Q NO2: Summarize “James D. Thompson, Organizations in Action: Social Science Bases of Administrative Theory (New York: McGraw- Hill, 1967)” in your own words. (Book: Reframing Organization- Page 49 - 50 ) ANSWER:

As Thompson sees them, organizations operate under “norms of

rationality,” but rationality is no easy thing to achieve because of the

central challenge of uncertainty. Thompson looked for a way to meld two distinct ways of

thinking

about organizations. One was to see them as closed, rational systems .With these premises,

Thompson developed a series of propositions about how organizations design and manage

themselves as they seek rationality in an uncertain world. The two primary sources of uncertainty,

in his view, are technology and the environment. He distinguishes three kinds of technology—

pooled, sequential, and reciprocal each making different demands on communication and

coordination. Still another source of uncertainty is the “variable human.”