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ASTR 1101 Final exam (by Clayto)
What were the majority of the craters on the Moon caused by? - Impacts of meteors upon the surface If an object is a perfect blackbody then... - it emits energy with a continuous distribution that peaks at a certain wavelength dependent upon temperature What is Kepler's First Law? - Planetary orbits are ellipses What is an astronomical unit (AU)? - The mean distance between the Earth and the Sun A hot star is __________ than a cool star - brighter and bluer Two weeks after the New Moon, the phase will be... - Full Moon Solar Eclipse - Sun-Moon-Earth Moon fully, or partially blocks the Sun Can only occur during New Moon Lunar Eclipse - Sun-Earth-Moon aligned Can only occur during a Full Moon Why don't lunar and solar eclipses happen every month? - The Moon's orbit is inclined 5 degrees to the ecliptic What planet was known during Greek times? - Mercury If a planet has less volume, less surface area, and less internal heat, it will... - cool off more rapidly, sustain less geologic activity, be more heavily catered, and lose heat faster First person to measure the size of the Earth - Eratosthenes, a Greek astronomer Blackbody spectrum is an example of ... - A continuous spectrum
What will occur when we receive light from a source that is moving relative to the Earth at high speeds? - Doppler Shift What motion occurs when planets drift backward with respect to the stars? - Retrograde Motion The change in wavelength of sound or electromagnetic radiation due to the relative motion along the line of sight between the observer and the source - Doppler Effect Why hasn't Earth lost it's water? - Earth is cool enough so that most water is in the form of liquid and ice and hence is not free to leave What happens in the Greenhouse Effect? - Infrared radiation emitted by the Earth's surface is absorbed by the atmosphere Most abundant element(s) in the solar system - Hydrogen and Helium Characteristics of the moon, Io - Moon of Jupiter
- Volcanoes Characteristics of the moon, Europa - Moon of Jupiter
- Icy Characteristics of the moon, Ganymede - Moon of Jupiter
- Largest of Jupiter's moons
- Has it's own magnetic field
- Ocean has been located beneath it's surface Characteristics of the moon, Callisto - Moon of Jupiter
- Most heavily cratered object in the solar system The ozone layer above Antarctica has been depleted by... - chlorofluorocarbons such as Freon
Reason why Mars lacks a large amount of atmosphere today - Carbon Dioxide went into rocks, then the water froze and Mars didn't have gravity to hold onto even the heavier gases Why does the Earth have a different composition that the Sun? - The lightest elements escaped Earth's gravity Kepler's telescope was launched in 2008. What does it do? - Searches for Earth- sized planets by looking for their transits in front of a nearby star What happens on the Vernal Equinox? - The Sun crosses the Equator moving north What has not been found on Mars? - Moving tectonic plates What property leads on to the conclusion that the Jovian planets are made of light elements such as hydrogen and helium? - Low average density Only moon with a thick atmosphere - Titan Characteristics of the moon, Titan - Moon of Saturn
- Atmosphere of Methane
- Saturn's largest moon What moon is believed to have similar conditions to Earth's early years? - Titan Characteristics of the moon, Iapetus - Geoff's favorite
- Dramatic two-tone coloring
- Composed mainly of water and ice More than 400 planets have been discovered around other stars. How were they detected? - Pictures taken by the Hubble telescope, the Doppler Effect, and eclipses Clouds of Venus are made up of... - sulfuric acid
Two things light acts as - Wave and particle Light is made of both electric and magnetic fields; it is a form of... - electromagnetic radiation Who invented the reflecting telescope and Calculus? - Newton Who is the Father of Modern Science? - Galileo Who created a theoretical model to explain planetary motion? - Kepler Who believed in the heliocentric model of the solar system? - Copernicus, Kepler, Newton, Aristarchus What is a circumpolar star? - A star that is viewed from a given latitude on Earth, that never sets due to its proximity to one of the celestial poles As you move from the equator to either of the Earth's poles, the number of circumpolar stars... - increases How many constellations are there? - 88 Who developed the details of the heliocentric model? - Copernicus What is the plane of the ecliptic? - Imaginary plane containing the Earth's orbit around the Sun In a model of the universe introduced by the Ptolemy, the planets actually moved in small circles as well as revolving around the Earth. What are the circles called? - Epicycles Who were the Fab 5? - Copernicus, Tycho, Galileo, Newton, Kepler Theory that plates are being driven around the surface of the Earth by convective currents in the lava below - Plate Tectonics What planets have rings? - Jovian planets
Jovian planets formed in the outer solar system far from the sun because... - it was cool enough for the proto planets forming there to capture significant amounts of hydrogen and helium What aspect of the early solar nebula controlled the early evolution and place of formation of the Terrestrial and Jovian planets? - The temperature distribution within the nebula Extrasolar planets are not seen directly. An observation that has been used to indirectly show they exist is... - the regular back and forth movement of the position of spectral lines of the parent stars and the change in luminosity of the parent star when a planet moves in front of it What is an exoplanet/extrasolar planet? - A planet that orbits a star other than the Sun Characteristics of a Terrestrial planet - Dense, contains very little helium or hydrogen, no rings and few moons, solid surface Characteristics of a Jovian planet - Less dense, made up of hydrogen and helium, many rings and moons, no solid surface What properties of Pluto led to its reclassification as a trans-neptunian dwarf planet? - It's highly eccentric orbit, rocky, smaller than any of the other planets, a number of trans-neptunian dwarf planets have been found the same size as Pluto Magnetic fields of a planet are produced by... - electric currents in a liquid conducting region inside the planet The substance inside of Jupiter that carries electric currents and produces a magnetic field - Liquid metallic hydrogen Epicycles are used to explain the... - westward motion of Mars The Drake Equation... - focuses on the factors which determine how many intelligent, communicating civilizations there are in our galaxy
What is the Goldilocks theory? - The Earth's temperature is "just right" for liquid water Tycho Brahe's greatest scientific contribution was... - measuring the accurate positions of the stars and planets Which moons have evidence for liquid water? - Europa, Enceladus, and Ganymede
