Gravitational Forces and Planetary Motion | Exams Nursing

ASTRO 7N EXAM 1 (UNIT 1 & 2) QUIZ QUESTIONS

According to Newton's Second Law of motion, if the net force acting on the object

increases while the mass of the object remains constant, what happens to the

acceleration?

Hint: Remember F = m * a - answer - Acceleration Increases

If the earth were moved to half its current distance from the sun, how would the force of

gravity by the sun on the earth change?

Hint: Recall the form of the equation that you derived, earlier in the game: "gravitational

acceleration (g) is proportional to the mass (m) of the body you are bound to, and

INVERSELY proportional to the SQUARE of your distance (r) from its center mass," or g

= m / (r * r) - answer - It would be four times stronger

What did newton's law of universal gravitation tell us about how gravity works?

Hint: Recall that the FORCE of gravity ('F = ma' or 'F = mg'), unlike gravitational

acceleration (just the 'a' or 'g'), depends on the masses of two objects interacting --

remember that the 'g' in 'F = mg' is also dependent on a mass value (of a second

object). - answer - The force of gravity from the sun will be stronger on an object with

more mass

The earth's radius is about 6400 km. If you were to orbit in the space station 150 km

above the ground, the force of gravity you feel from earth would be...?

Hint: think only about Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation. Recall the form of the

equation that you derived earlier in the game: "gravitational acceleration (g) is

proportional to the mass (m) of the body you are bound to, and INVERSELY

proportional to the SQUARE of your distance (r) from its center mass," or g = m / (r * r) -

answer - Slightly weaker than when you are standing on earth

If you were to sit on the ground ere would be a force due to gravity pulling you toward

earth. which of the following is true according to newton's 3rd law?

Hint: Remember each force has an equal and opposite reaction. - answer - You are

pushing the earth away from yourself with the same force

What would happen to the earth if the Sun's gravity somehow turned off

instantaneously?

Hint: Recall Newton's First Law of Motion (also referred to as "inertia"): "An object at

rest will remain as rest unless acted upon by a force. An object in motion will continue in

motion --- in a straight path and at constant velocity -- unless acted upon by a force,

Think of a moment about the force of gravity between the Earth and the Sun, and which

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ASTRO 7N EXAM 1 (UNIT 1 & 2) QUIZ QUESTIONS

According to Newton's Second Law of motion, if the net force acting on the object increases while the mass of the object remains constant, what happens to the acceleration? Hint: Remember F = m * a - answer - Acceleration Increases If the earth were moved to half its current distance from the sun, how would the force of gravity by the sun on the earth change? Hint: Recall the form of the equation that you derived, earlier in the game: "gravitational acceleration (g) is proportional to the mass (m) of the body you are bound to, and INVERSELY proportional to the SQUARE of your distance (r) from its center mass," or g = m / (r * r) - answer - It would be four times stronger What did newton's law of universal gravitation tell us about how gravity works? Hint: Recall that the FORCE of gravity ('F = ma' or 'F = mg'), unlike gravitational acceleration (just the 'a' or 'g'), depends on the masses of two objects interacting -- remember that the 'g' in 'F = mg' is also dependent on a mass value (of a second object). - answer - The force of gravity from the sun will be stronger on an object with more mass The earth's radius is about 6400 km. If you were to orbit in the space station 150 km above the ground, the force of gravity you feel from earth would be...? Hint: think only about Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation. Recall the form of the equation that you derived earlier in the game: "gravitational acceleration (g) is proportional to the mass (m) of the body you are bound to, and INVERSELY proportional to the SQUARE of your distance (r) from its center mass," or g = m / (r * r) - answer - Slightly weaker than when you are standing on earth If you were to sit on the ground ere would be a force due to gravity pulling you toward earth. which of the following is true according to newton's 3rd law? Hint: Remember each force has an equal and opposite reaction. - answer - You are pushing the earth away from yourself with the same force What would happen to the earth if the Sun's gravity somehow turned off instantaneously? Hint: Recall Newton's First Law of Motion (also referred to as "inertia"): "An object at rest will remain as rest unless acted upon by a force. An object in motion will continue in motion --- in a straight path and at constant velocity -- unless acted upon by a force, Think of a moment about the force of gravity between the Earth and the Sun, and which

way or ways that force is directed. - answer - It would continue to move in a line in the same direction it was moving when the gravity turned off Consider a planet whose rotation axis is NOT tilted with respect to its orbital plane. What are the season's like on this planet? Hint: The seasons on Earth aren't caused by different distances from the Sun in different parts of the orbit. What are they caused by? - answer - There are no seasons If the Earth rotated on its axis more slowly than it does now... Hint: How long does it take for the Earth to rotate - answer - Its days would be longer If Earth has its orbit changed so that at all points along its orbit it was always the same distance from the sun (circular orbit), how would this affect the seasons on Earth? Hint: Remember that the orbit of the sun around the earth is an eclipse but that it is pretty close to being a circle - answer - They would be the same as they are now. A new planet orbits its star faster than the Earth orbits the Sun and it rotates more slowly than the earth rotates. Therefore.... Hint: the Year is how long it takes the earth to orbit the sun. The day is how long it takes the Earth to spin once on its axis - answer - The new planet has a shorter year than earth and a longer day than earth What time of year is it dark all day (and night) at the south pole of Earth? Hint: When it is summer at the north pole what season is it at the south pole? - answer - June If Earth's Moon was full on May 1, 2007. When was it next in the first quarter phase after this full moon? Hint: Remember the order is full Moon then third quarter than new moon then first quarter and back to full moon again - answer - May 22 How much of the total surface area of the moon is illuminated by sunlight during the full moon phase? hint: We don't see the whole surface of the moon, do we? - answer - One half At approximately what time does the third quarter moon rise? Hint: Draw a sketch like what you saw in the moon phase game and think about when a point on earth rotates into daylight - answer - Midnight

Compare frequency of x-ray versus regular light. Hint: Remember that X-rays are dangerous. What would that mean about their energy? And how are energy and frequency related? - answer - The X-ray has a larger frequency than visible light Compare the frequency and wavelength of a gamma ray with visible light: Hint: Gamma rays are the highest energy form of radiation. What does that mean about frequency and wavelength? - answer - Gamma ray frequency is higher and its wavelength is lower If the frequency of radiation is twice as large then its wavelength is... Hint: Remember that wavelength and frequency are opposite. When one goes up, the other goes down by the same factor - answer - Half as large Compared to Blue light, red light has.... Hint: Red is not the hottest. Frequency is like energy. Wavelength is the opposite. - answer - Longer wavelength, smaller frequency, smaller energy What types of radiation have the lowest energy? Hint: The lowest energy is the longest wavelength. - answer - Infrared radiation and radio The spectrum of an oxygen lamp looks different than the spectrum of a sodium lamp because: Hint: Photons are emitted and absorbed to produce emission and absorption lines, but what is jumping from one energy to another? - answer - Each atom has a unique set of electron orbits Dark lines in an absorption spectrum represent... Hint: What us being absorbed in order to make the dark line? - answer - Particular energies of light coming from a distant object that are absorbed by material between Which of the following is false: A. The energy of a photon increases in proportion to the wavelength of the radiation B. Visible light, radio, ultraviolet, and gamma rays are all forms of electromagnetic radiation.

C. The wavelengths of the emission lines produced by an element are the same as the wavelengths of an absorption line produced by the same element. D. Emission spectra are characterized by narrow, bright lines of different colors. E. An absorption spectrum appears as a continuous spectrum interrupted by a series of dark lines. - answer - A. The energy of a photon increases in proportion to the wavelength of the radiation Which of the following is true? A. More than one element can have the same emission or absorption spectrum. B. The wavelengths of the emission lines produced by an element are different from the wavelengths of the absorption lines produces by the same element. C. An absorption spectrum appears as a continuous spectrum interrupted by a series of dark lines. D. An electron can have any energy within an atom, so long as that energy is above the ground state energy. E. Ultraviolet light has the shortest wavelength of any electromagnetic radiation. - answer - C. An absorption spectrum appears as a continuous spectrum interrupted by a series of dark lines. The electrons in a cloud of hydrogen gas are making the transition from excited states to the ground state. what does the spectrum of this cloud of hydrogen gas look like? hint: What is emitted when an electron goes from a high energy level to a low energy level? - answer - It will consist of a few bright emission lines at specific wavelengths. In what ways does a 30 meter telescope outperform a 10 meter telescope? Hint: The important thing about a telescope is the area of its circular mirror - answer - Its images are 9 times brighter than a 10 meter Even the largest ground-based telescopes have resolution restrictions imposed by.... - answer - Atmospheric blurring of images When you magnify an object with a telescope, what else happens to your view of the sky? Hint: There are advantages and disadvantages to magnifying - answer - Your field of view gets smaller, so you can only see a small area of the sky

How did Kepler himself originally state this second law? - answer - A line joining a planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time What was Kepler's third law? - answer - The square of the time period for an orbit of a planet is proportional to cube of its average distance from sun (in other words P2 is proportional to A3) Saturn is about 10 times as far from the sun as Earth is (a=10AU, roughly). About how many times does Earth orbit the sun in the times it take Saturn to orbit just once? - answer - About 30 Besides, the discovery that the moons orbit Jupiter, what other discovery made by Galileo Galilei, with an early telescope, proved that the Earth is not at the center of the Universe? - answer - The phases of Venus Kepler's third law states that p^2/a^3=constant. What does P represent in this equation?

answer - Orbital period, in this case how long it takes for a satellite to orbit Jupiter Of the four Galilean moons which is the closest to Jupiter? - answer - lo Which moon of Jupiter is believed to have a liquid ocean beneath a layer of ice? - answer - Europa Which moon of Jupiter is the largest? - answer - Ganymede Which of these following statements can be said about Venus? - answer - Venus has a very slow speed of rotation, a day-night cycle is longer than a year, and Venus is closer to the sun than Earth is Which among the following scenarios will be true for someone looking watching the sky from the Venus surface? - answer - The sun would rise in the west and set in the east Craters on Venus... - answer - Are about the same in size and structure to those on Earth, Moon and Mars Volcanoes on Venus... - answer - Produce very large lava flows that cover at least 85% of the Planet's surface Where do mountains on Earth come from? - answer - In some locations, plates of rock on the planet's surface press together and the plates rise together Where are aurorae likely to be seen most frequently? - answer - At locations near the poles Why is Earth's climate false? - reply - It has more Carbon Dioxide than Venus, warmed more than Venus by the nursery impact is as well

What is ozone? - reply - Three oxygen particles reinforced together into a solitary particle (O3) What might occur assuming the ozone layer were totally annihilated? - reply - Bright radiation from the sun would overcome the air and cause harm to life For what reason is Venus' day so lengthy? - reply - Venus' revolution time is extremely lengthy contrasted with the time it takes to go once around the sun The Nursery impact: - reply - Is bigger on Venus that on The planet Which two earthbound planets have minimal measure of climate? - reply - Mars and Mercury The densities of the four earthly planets are like one another. This implies: - reply - They are made of comparable substances A meteor shower can happen when: - reply - Earth's circle crosses a path of trash abandoned from a comet Most meteors: - reply - Are tiny bits of rock consuming in the World's environment A comet's core is made out of - reply - Residue dry ice and water ice The material in a shooting star is: - reply - Generally as old as the planetary group

Gravitational Forces and Planetary Motion, Exams of Nursing

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ASTRO 7N EXAM 1 (UNIT 1 & 2) QUIZ QUESTIONS