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ATI Nutrition Exam Questions and answers
2025\2026 update
A nurse is educating a client who is taking iron supplements about foods which aid in iron absorption. Which of thefollowing foods is the best choice for the client to make?
A. 1 baked potato B. 1/2 cup orange juice C. 1/2 cup low-fat milk D. 2 cups boiled green beans - answer B. Vitamin C
Vitamin C aids in the absorption of iron, and 1/2 cup orange juice has 62mg of vitamin C. This is the best food choice for the client to make.
A nurse is discussing foods that are high in vitamins D with a client who is unable to be out in the sunlight. Which of the following should be included in the teaching?
A. 1 cup steamed long-grain brown rice B. 6 medium raw strawberries C. 1/2 cup boiled Brussels sprouts D. 2 large poached eggs - answer D. 2 large poached eggs
The nurse should include eggs as food that is high in vitamin D.
A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed warfarin. The nurse should teach teh client that which of the following vitamins can interfere with this medication?
A. vitamin A B. vitamin D C. vitamin E
D. vitamin K - answer D. Vitamin K
Vitamin K assists in blood clotting, is used as an antidote for excess anticoagulants, and can interfere w/warfarin. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid increasing sources of vitamin K through supplements or in the diet.
A nurse is conducting a nutritional class on minerals and electrolytes. The nurse should include that 1/ cup of which of the following foods is the best source of magnesium?
A. Whole almonds B. Chopped tomatoes C. Raw spinach D. Low-fat vanilla yogurt - answer A. 1/2 cup whole almonds
It is the best source b/c it has 193mg of magnesium.
A nurse is discussing health problems associated w/nutrient deficiencies w/a group of adolescents. The nurse should include that which of the following conditions is associated w/a deficiency of vitamin C?
A. Dysrhythmias B. Scurvy C. Pernicious anemia D. Megaloblastic anemia - answer B. Scurvy
A nurse is caring for a client who has hypothyroidism. Which of the following is associated w/this disorder?
A. decreased metabolic demand B. weight loss C. increased HR
C. adolescence D. trauma E. pregnancy - answer A. illness B. malnutrition D. trauma
A nurse in a nutritional clinic is calculating BMI for several clients. The nurse should recognize which of the following client BMIs as overweight?
A. 24 B. 30 C. 27 D. 32 - answer C. 27
Overweight BMI = 25-29.
A nurse on an orthopedic unit is reviewing data for a client who sustained trauma in an MVA. Which of the following values indicates the client is in a catabolic state (using protein faster than is being synthesized)?
A. Serum albumin 3.5 g/dL B. Negative nitrogen balance C. BMI of 18. D. Serum albumin 12mg/dL - answer B. Negative nitrogen balance
A negative nitrogen balance indicates protein is used at a greater rate than it is synthesized as in starvation or a catabolic state following injury or disease
A nurse is performing a nutritional assessment on a client. Which of the following clinical findings are suggestive of malnutrition? (select all that apply)
A. poor wound healing B. dry hair C. BP 130/80 mmHg D. weak hand grips E. impaired coordination - answer A. poor wound healing B. dry hair D. weak hand grips E. impaired coordination
A nurse is teaching a group of women about risk factors for developing osteoporosis. Which of the following risk factors should the nurse include? (select all that apply)
A. inactivity B. family history C. obesity D. hyperlipidemia E. cigarette smoking - answer A. inactivity B. family history E. cigarette smoking
A nurse is assisting a client w/selecting food choices on a menu. Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates ethnocentricity?
A. asking the client what he likes to eat B. notifying the dietitian to complete the menu C. Recommending one's own favorite foods D. Asking the client's family to fill out the menu - answer C. Recommending one's own favorite foods
A. The device can be uncomfortable for children B. Checking residual is much easier with this device C. Tub baths are allowed w/this device D. Mobility of the child is limited w/this device - answer C. Tub baths are allowed w/this device
The low-profile gastrostomy device is fully immersible in water.
A nurse is teaching a client who is starting continuous feedings about the various types of EN formulas. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Formula rich in fiber is recommended when starting EN B. Standard formula contains whole protein C. Hydrolyzed formula is recommended for a full-functioning GI tract D. High-calorie formula has increased water content - answer B. Standard formula contain whole protein
It contains whole protein (milk, meat, eggs) and requires a full-functioning GI tract.
A nurse is planning care for a client who is receiving EN through continuous infusion. Which of the following interentions should be included in the plan of care? (select all that apply)
A. Administer w/an infusion pump B. Measure residual q8hr C. Flush feeding tube q4hr D. Re-instill residual feeding into the stomach E. Reassess tolerance if residual volume is greater than prescribed amount - answer A. Administer w/an infusion pump C. Flush feeding tube q4hr E. Reassess tolerance if residual volume is greater than prescribed amount
Administering continuous drip EN using an infusion pump ensures the correct volume of feeding is being fused. Flushing the feeding tube q4hr maintains patency. The client's tolerance of the amount and type of formula used should be reassessed if the residual volume is greater than the prescribed amount as this is an indication that the amounts infused are not being digested.
A nurse is administering bolus enteral feedings to a client who has malnutrition. Which of the following are appropriate nursing interventions? (select all that apply)
A. Verify the presence of bowel sounds B. Flush the feeding tube with warm water C. Elevate the head of the bed 20 degrees D. Administer feeding at room temperature E. Inspect tube insertion site - answer A. Verify the presence of bowel sounds B. Flush the feeding tube w/warm water D. Administer feeding at room temperature E. Inspect tube insertion site
A nurse is preparing to administer intermittent enteral feeding to a client who has neuromuscular disorder. Which of the following are appropriate nursing interventions? (select all that apply)
A. Fill the feeding bag w/24hr worth of formula B. Discard feeding equipment after 24hr C. Leave unused portions of formula at the bedside D. Label the unused portion of the formula E. Elevate the head of the bed for 15min after feeding - answer B. Discard feeding equipment after 24hr D. Label the unused portion of the formula
A nurse is teaching a client about dietary recommendations to lower high BP. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. My daily Na consumption should be 3000mg
D. HTN - answer B. Metabolic syndrome
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has vitamin B12 deficiency. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to consume? (select all that apply)
A. Meat B. Flaxseed C. Beans D. Eggs E. Milk - answer A. Meat D. Eggs E. Milk
A nurse is providing info to a client who has a new diagnosis of type 1 DM. Which of the following info should the nurse include? (select all that apply)
A. A viral infection can trigger the onset of type 1 DM B. Alpha cell in pancreas are damaged in type 1 DM C. Type 1 DM usually occurs before age 30 D. Type 1 DM is treated w/oral antiglycemic medications E. Regular exercise can reduce insulin requirements in type 1 DM - answer A. A viral infection can trigger the onset of type 1 DM C. Type 1 DM usually occurs before age 30 E. Regular exercise can reduce insulin requirements in type 1 DM
It is beta cells in the pancreas that are damaged.
A nurse is assessing a client who has hypoglycemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Fruity breath odor B. Diaphoresis C. Ketones in urine D. Polyuria - answer B. Diaphoresis
A client who has hypoglycemia can have diaphoresis and cool, clammy skin.
A nurse is caring for a client who has DM and is shaky and weak. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Provide subcutaneous insulin for client B. Offer client 120mL (4oz) fruit juice C. Give client IV potassium D. Administer IV sodium bicarbonate - answer B. Offer client 120mL (4oz) fruit juice
The client has manifestations of hypoglycemia. The nurse should offer 10-15g of carbs, which is about how many carbs are in the fruit juice.
A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching to a client who has type 2 DM. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (select all that apply)
A. Carbs should comprise 55% daily caloric intake B. Use hydrogenated oils for cooking C. You can add table sugar to cereals D. You can drink one alcoholic beverage w/a meal E. Use the same portion sizes to exchange carbs - answer A. Carbs should comprise 55% daily caloric intake C. You can add table sugar to cereals D. You can drink one alcoholic beverage w/a meal E. Use small portion sizes to exchange carbs
A. Concentration of lipid emulsion can be up to 30% B. Adding lipid emulsion gives the solution a milky appearance C. Check for allergies to soybean oil D. Lipid emulsion prevents essential fatty acid deficiency E. Lipids provide calories by increasing the osmolality of the PN solution - answer A. Concentration of lipid emulsion can be up to 30% B. Adding lipid emulsion gives the solution a milky appearance C. Check for allergies to soybean oil D. Lipid emulsion prevents essential fatty acid deficiency
Lipids provide calories needed w/o increasing osmolality of PN solution
A charge nurse is teaching a group of nurses about medication compatibility w/TPN. Which of the following statements should the charge nurse make?
A. Use the Y-port on the TPN IV tubing to administer antibiotics B. Regular insulin may be added to the TPN solution C. Administer heparin through a port on the TPN tubing D. Administer vitamin K IV bolus via a Y-port on the TPN tubing - answer B. Regular insulin may be added to the TPN solution
Administering any IV medication through a Y-port on the TPN line is contraindicated. Heparin may be added to the TPN solution to decrease clot formation in the cannula, but it is not injected directly into a port on the TPN tubing. Vitamin K can be added to the TPN solution, but it should not be administered IV bolus through the TPN IV line.
A nurse is preparing to administer lipid emulsion and notes a layer of fat floating in the IV solution bag. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Shake the bag to mix the fat
B. Turn the bag upside down one time C. Return the bag to the pharmacy D. Administer the bag of solution - answer C. Return the bag to the pharmacy
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving TPN through a central line, but the next bag of solution is not available for administration at this time. Which of the following is an appropriate action by the nurse?
A. Administer 20% dextrose in water IV until the next bag is available B. Slow the infusion rate of the current bag until the solution is available C. Monitor for hyperglycemia D. Monitor for hyperosmolar diuresis - answer A. Administer 20% dextrose in water IV until the next bag is available
A nurse is teaching a client who is recovering from pancreatitis about following a low-fat diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend? (select all that apply)
A. Ribeye steak B. Oatmeal C. Ice cream D. Canned peaches E. Pretzels - answer B. Oatmeal D. Canned peaches E. Pretzels
A nurse is teaching a client who has constipation about a high-fiber, low-fat diet. Which of the following food choices by the client indicates understanding of the teaching?
A. Peanut butter B. Peeled apples
A nurse is instructing a client who has celiac disease about foods to avoid. Which of the following foods should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Potatoes B. Graham crackers C. Wild rice D. Canned pears - answer B. Graham crackers
A nurse is planning care for a client who has ESKD. Which of the following should the nurse include in the plan of care? (select all that apply)
A. Monitor the client's weight daily B. Encourage the client to comply w/fluid restrictions C. Evaluate intake and output D. Instruct the client on restricting calories from carbs E. Monitor for constipation - answer A. Monitor the client's weight daily B. Encourage the client to comply w/fluid restrictions C. Evaluate intake and output E. Monitor for constipation
A nurse is teaching a client who has stage 2 CKD about dietary management. Which of the following info should the nurse include in the instructions?
A. Restrict protein intake B. Maintain a high-phosphorus diet C. Increase intake of foods high in K D. Limit dairy products to 1 cup/day - answer A. Restrict protein intake
A nurse is teaching a client about protein needs when on dialysis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (select all that apply)
A. Consume 35 kcal/kg of body weight to maintain body protein stores B. Take phosphate binders when eating protein-rich foods C. Increase biologic sources of protein such as eggs, milk, and soy D. Increase protein intake by 50% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) E. Consume daily protein intake in the morning - answer A. Consume 35 kcal/kg of body weight to maintain body protein stores B. Take phosphate binders when eating protein-rich foods C. Increase biologic sources of protein such as eggs, milk, and soy D. Increase protein intake by 50% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA)
A nurse is teaching about diet restrictions to a client who has AKI and is on hemodialysis. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Limit Ca intake to 2400 mg/day B. Decrease total fat intake to 45% of daily calories C. Decrease K intake to 65 mEq/day D. Limit sodium intake to 4.5 g/day - answer C. Decrease K intake to 65 mEq/day
The client should limit K intake to 60-70 mEq/day. Client on hemodialysis should limit Ca intake to less than 2000 mg/day. The total fat intake should be 35% of daily calories and Na intake should be 1-4 g/day when on dialysis.
A nurse is completing discharge teaching about diet & fluid restrictions to a client who has a calcium oxalate-based kidney stone. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Reduce intake of spinach B. Decrease broccoli intake C. Increase intake of vitamin C supplements D. Limit consumption of purine substances - answer A. Reduce intake of spinach
C. Eat foods that are warm D. Increase foods high in protein - answer B. Use plastic utensils to eat
A nurse is teaching a client who is undergoing cancer tx about interventions to manage stomatitis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching?
A. I will try chewing larger pieces of food B. I will avoid toasting my bread C. I will consume more food in the morning D. I will add more citrus foods to my diet - answer B. I will avoid toasting my bread
Dry, coarse foods such as toast can worsen the manifestations of stomatitis.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has suspected HIV-association muscle wasting. Which of the following findings supports this diagnosis?
A. BMI 26 B. Fecal impaction C. Report of fever for 30 days D. Report of high alcohol consumption - answer C. Report of fever for 30 days
A nurse is caring for several clients in an extended care facility. Which of the following clients is the highest priority to observe during meals?
A. A client who has decreased vision B. A client who has Parkinson's disease C. A client who has poor dentition D. A client who has anorexia - answer B. A client who has Parkinson's disease
This client is at risk for aspiration.
A nurse is planning care for an older adult client who is receiving tx for malnutrition. The client is scheduled for discharge to his home where he lives alone. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (select all that apply)
A. Consult social services to arrange home meal delivery B. Encourage the client to purchase nonperishable boxed meals C. Advise client to purchase frozen fruits and vegetables D. Recommend drinking a supplement between meals E. Educate the client on how to read nutrition labels - answer A. Consult social services to arrange home meal delivery C. Advise client to purchase frozen fruits and vegetables D. Recommend drinking a supplement between meals E. Educate client on how to read nutrition lables
A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a new dx of HTN and a rx for a low-Na diet. Which of the following client statements indicate an understanding of the teaching? (select all that apply)
A. I should select organic canned vegetables B. I need to read food labels when grocery shopping C. I will stop eating frozen dinner for lunch at work D. I know that deli meats are usually high in Na E. I can refer to the American Heart Association's website for dietary guidelines - answer B. I need to read food labels when grocery shopping C. says wrong in but this is an error b/c he states that he will STOP easting frozen dinners D. I know that deli meats are usually high in Na E. I can refer to the American Heart Association's website for dietary guidelines
A nurse is caring for a client who is transitioning to an oral diet following a partial laryngectomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to reduce the client's risk for aspiration?
