ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND BONDING QUESTIONS, Exercises of Chemistry

ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND BONDING QUESTIONS

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2025/2026

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Atomic Structure and Bonding Tutorial Questions
NB: Use the formula sheet and constants available on RUConnected. Your final answers will be
entered online for all questions.
PART A (Complete by 6 March deadline 9 March online)
Given the four equations:
(A) c =  (B) E = h (C) =h
mv (D) E = −RE(1
nf
21
ni
2)
1. A photon has exactly the same wavelength as an electron traveling at 0.1% c. In order to
determine the energy of the photon, which equations must we use?
2. A photon of ultraviolet light has frequency 9.35 x 1014 s-1. In order to calculate the
wavelength of a photon of this light, which of the equations must we use?
3. In order to determine the energy of a photon of wavelength 650 nm emitted by an atom,
which of the equations must we use?
4. Determine the energy of a photon of wavelength 650 nm
5. A hydrogen ion (H+) encounters an electron which ends up in energy level 3. In order to
determine the wavelength of the photon emitted in the process, which of the equations
must we use?
6. A hydrogen ion (H+) encounters an electron which ends up in energy level 3. Determine the
wavelength of the photon emitted in the process.
7. Each of the following electron configurations comes from a Nitrogen atom or ion; match the
appropriate descriptions (impossible, excited, ground state(full or noble gas),N3-).
[He]2s2 2p3 1s2 2s2 2p6 1s2 2s32p2 1s2 2s1 2p33d1 1s2 2s2 2p3
8. Give the full electron configuration for Zn. Provide an orbital diagram for Zn.
9. Is Zn paramagnetic or diamagnetic?
10. Cr and Cu do not follow the building up principle. What are their electron configurations?
11. The second is defined as the time it takes for 9192631770 wavelengths of a transition of the
133Cs atom to pass a fixed point. What is the wavelength of radiation?
12. The n quantum number of an atomic orbital is 5. What possible values are there for l and for
ml?
13. Which of the following sets of q numbers are possible for an electron in an atom?
n=2, l=0, ml=0, ms=+ ½ n=1, l=1, ml=0, ms=+ ½
n=0, l=0, ml=0, ms=- ½ n=2, l=1, ml=-1, ms=+ ½
n=2, l=1, ml=-2, ms=+ ½
14. What is the number of different orbitals in each of the following subshells? ( 5f, 5g, 6s, 5p)
PART B (Complete by 6 March deadline 9 March online)
Do this question on paper and upload your answer to RUConnected
1. Ultraviolet lamps are regularly used to sterilize medical equipment, such as forceps. These
lamps may convert 18% of electrical energy to light. If the wavelength of the ultraviolet light
released from the lamp is 0.252 μm, calculate the electrical energy required to produce
1.51x10-3 moles of photons.
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Atomic Structure and Bonding Tutorial Questions NB: Use the formula sheet and constants available on RUConnected. Your final answers will be entered online for all questions. PART A (Complete by 6 March – deadline 9 March online) Given the four equations: (A) c =  (B) E = h (C)  = h mv

(D) E = −RE (

1 nf^2

1 ni^2

  1. A photon has exactly the same wavelength as an electron traveling at 0.1% c. In order to determine the energy of the photon, which equations must we use?
  2. A photon of ultraviolet light has frequency 9.35 x 10^14 s-^1. In order to calculate the wavelength of a photon of this light, which of the equations must we use?
  3. In order to determine the energy of a photon of wavelength 650 nm emitted by an atom, which of the equations must we use?
  4. Determine the energy of a photon of wavelength 650 nm
  5. A hydrogen ion (H+) encounters an electron which ends up in energy level 3. In order to determine the wavelength of the photon emitted in the process, which of the equations must we use?
  6. A hydrogen ion (H+) encounters an electron which ends up in energy level 3. Determine the wavelength of the photon emitted in the process.
  7. Each of the following electron configurations comes from a Nitrogen atom or ion; match the appropriate descriptions (impossible, excited, ground state(full or noble gas),N^3 - ). [He]2 s^2 2 p^3 1 s^2 2 s^2 2 p^6 1 s^2 2 s^32 p^2 1 s^2 2 s^1 2 p^33 d^1 1 s^2 2 s^2 2 p^3
  8. Give the full electron configuration for Zn. Provide an orbital diagram for Zn.
  9. Is Zn paramagnetic or diamagnetic?
  10. Cr and Cu do not follow the building up principle. What are their electron configurations?
  11. The second is defined as the time it takes for 9192631770 wavelengths of a transition of the (^133) Cs atom to pass a fixed point. What is the wavelength of radiation?
  12. The n quantum number of an atomic orbital is 5. What possible values are there for l and for ml?
  13. Which of the following sets of q numbers are possible for an electron in an atom? n =2, l =0, ml =0, ms =+ ½ n =1, l =1, ml =0, ms =+ ½ n =0, l =0, ml =0, ms =- ½ n =2, l =1, ml =-1, ms =+ ½ n =2, l =1, ml =-2, ms =+ ½
  14. What is the number of different orbitals in each of the following subshells? ( 5f, 5g, 6s, 5p) PART B (Complete by 6 March – deadline 9 March online) Do this question on paper and upload your answer to RUConnected
  15. Ultraviolet lamps are regularly used to sterilize medical equipment, such as forceps. These lamps may convert 18% of electrical energy to light. If the wavelength of the ultraviolet light released from the lamp is 0.252 μm, calculate the electrical energy required to produce 1.51x10-^3 moles of photons.

PART C (Complete by 6 March – deadline 1 6 March online)

  1. If an H 2 molecule is travelling at 25% c , what will be the associated de Broglie wavelength of this molecule? a. Construct an LCAO diagram for H 2 b. What is the bond order for H 2 c. Is the H 2 molecule paramagnetic or diamagnetic? d. The energy required to dissociate an H 2 molecule is 432 kJ/mol. If, for each molecule of H 2 a single photon is absorbed, what is the wavelength of this photon? e. If this energy promotes an electron from a bonding molecular orbital to an antibonding molecular orbital, construct an LCAO diagram for H 2 *. f. What is the new bond order for H 2 * in this case? g. The H 2 dissociated into two H atoms, (a) and (b). h. After some time (a) has an electron in n=1, while (b) has an electron in n=4. i. Draw the orbital diagram for atom (a). j. Draw a possible orbital diagram for atom (b). k. Which of the two atoms will take the least energy to ionize? l. Calculate the energy required to ionize atom (b). m. Is the H atom ( b ) paramagnetic or diamagnetic?
  2. Give the notation (using the letter designations for l ) for the subshells denoted by the following quantum numbers n=3, l=1 n=4, l=1 n=4,l=0 n=5, l=
  3. The 2 p atomic orbitals for each atomic atom combine to produce molecular orbitals in O 2. Below is an LCAO energy diagram for these orbitals. Provide the correct labels (sigma, pi, bonding, antibonding) for each of the molecular orbitals produced. Also place the correct number of electrons in each molecular orbital.
  4. Methanal (also called formaldehyde), CH 2 O is toxic, but may be used to produce industrial resins. (a) Draw the Lewis structure for methanal CH 2 O (2) (b) What is the hybridization on the carbon atom in CH 2 O? (2) (c) Draw a methanal molecule, showing how a π-bond is formed by the overlap of p orbitals. (2) (d) Methanal absorbs light of wavelength 270nm. The result of this absorption is that an

Avogadro constant L or NA 6.022 x 10^23 mol-^1 Elementary charge e 1.602 x 10-^19 C Faraday constant F=Le 96 485 C mol-^1 Boltzmann constant k=R/L 1.381 x 10-^23 J K-^1 Planck constant h 6.626 x 10-^34 J s ħ=h/2π 1.0546 x 10 -^34 J s Gas constant R 8.314 J K-^1 mol-^1 8.314 kPa L K-^1 mol-^1 0.08314 L bar K-^1 mol-^1 0.08206 L atm K-^1 mol-^1 Speed of light (vacuum) c 2.998 x 10^8 m s-^1 Zero (Celsius scale) To 273.15 K exactly Rest mass of electron me 9.110 x 10-^31 kg Rest mass of proton mp 1.673 x 10-^27 kg Rest mass of neutron mn 1.675 x 10-^27 kg Atomic mass unit u, amu 1.6605 x 10 -^27 kg Rydberg energy RE 2.179 x 10-^18 J Std acceleration. Gravity g 9.80665 m s-^2 Some non-SI units 1 atm = 101 325 Pa 1 bar = 100 000 Pa 1 Å = 1 x 10-^10 m = 0.1 nm 1 atm = 760 mmHg 1mmHg = 101 325 Pa/ 1 eV = 1/602 x 10-^19 J 1 cal = 4.184 J 1 MeV = 1/602 x 10-^13 J 1 cm-^1 = 1.986 x 10-^23 J 1 18 1 H 1.008 2

Periodic Table and

Physical Constants

13 14 15 16 17 2 He

3 Li

4 Be

5 B

6 C

7 N

8 O

9 F

10 Ne

11 Na

12 Mg 24.31 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Al

14 Si

15 P

16 S

17 Cl

18 Ar

19 K

20 Ca

21 Sc

22 Ti

23 V

24 Cr

25 Mn

26 Fe

27 Co

28 Ni

29 Cu

30 Zn

31 Ga

32 Ge

33 As

34 Se

35 Br

36 Kr

37 Rb

38 Sr

39 Y

40 Zr

41 Nb

42 Mo

43 Tc (98) 44 Ru

45 Rh

46 Pd

47 Ag

48 Cd

49 In

50 Sn

51 Sb

52 Te

53 I

54 Xe

55 Cs

56 Ba

57* La

72 Hf

73 Ta

74 W

75 Re

76 Os

77 Ir

78 Pt

79 Au

80 Hg

81 Tl

82 Pb

83 Bi

84 Po (209) 85 At (210) 86 Rn (222) 87 Fr (223) 88 Ra

89** Ac

104 Rf (261) 105 Db (262) 106 Sg (263) 107 Bh (262) 108 Hs (269) 109 Mt (278) 110 Ds (281) 111 Rg (281) 112 Cn (285) 113 Nh (286) 114 Fl (289) 115 Mc (289) 116 Lv (293) 117 Ts (294) 118 Og (294)

Lanthanide Series 58 Ce

59 Pr

60 Nd

61 Pm (145) 62 Sm

63 Eu

64 Gd

65 Tb

66 Dy

67 Ho

68 Er

69 Tm

70 Yb

71 Lu

** Actinide Series 90 Th

91 Pa

92 U

93 Np (237) 94 Pu (244) 95 Am (243) 96 Cm (247) 97 Bk (247) 98 Cf (251) 99 Es (252) 100 Fm (257) 101 Md (258) 102 No (259) 103 Lr (260) 𝐸 = 𝑚𝑐^2 𝐸 = ℎ𝜈 𝑐 = 𝜆𝜈 𝛥𝐸 = −𝑅𝐸 ( 1 𝑛𝑓^2 −^ 1 𝑛𝑖^2 )^ 𝜆^ =^ ℎ 𝑚v