01
UNCERTAINTY
PRINCIPLE
QUANTUM NUMBER
PRINCIPLE
QUANTUM NUMBER
AZIMUTHAL
QUANTUM NUMBER
MAGNETIC
QUANTUM NUMBER
SPIN
QUANTUM NUMBER
SPIN
CLOCKWISE (+ 1/2 )
(- 1/2 )
ANTICLOCKWISE
ENERGY OF ORBITALS
1)
SHAPE OF ORBITALS
NODES
STRUCTURE OF ATOM
Δx.Δp >
-
h
4π
Q. According to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle,
which of the following is correct ?
a) If Δx = 0 then Δp = ∞
b) If Δv = 0 then Δp = 0
c) If Δp = 0 then Δx = ∞
d) All are correct
Q. Find uncertainty in velocity, if uncertainty
position is equal to uncertalnty in momentum.
h
2 πm
a) h
π
1
2m
b) h
π
1
m
c) h
mπ
1
2
d)
Number of subshells = n
It describes shell or
orbit
It describes subshell
value from 0 to n-1
Mono electronic species
1)
s orbital - Spherical shape
2)
p orbital - dumb bell shape
3)
d orbital - double dumb bell shape
Total nodes = n-1
2)
Multi electronic species
As (n + l)
If (n + l) is same, then n
Orbital
(n+l)
value
n = 2 n = 3
l = 2
n+l = 5
l = 0
n+l = 2
2s 3d
E
E
,
Energy defined upon n
(n+l) rule
1s < 2s = 2p < 3s = 3p = 3d
3s < 3p < 4s < 3d
Orbital angular
momentum
Maximum no. of orbital
in a subshell
n = 4
Total values of m = 2l +1
Value of m = -l < m < l_ _
l = 0 m = 0
m = -1, 0, +1
m = -2, -1, 0, +1, +2
m = -3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3
l = 1
l = 2
l = 3
in a subshell
=2l + 1
=4l + 2
l=0 s
l=1 p l=2 d
l=3 f
It defines the angular
momentum
mvr =
It describes size &
energy of shell.
n = 1, 2, 3, 4,........
K, L, M, N,........
Number of orbitals = n2
Max. number of electrons =2n2
The uncertainty involved in the measurement of
velocity within a distance of 0.1A0 is:
5.79 x 106 m/s
a) 5.79 x 107 m/s
b)
5.79 x 108 m/s
c) 5.79 x 105 m/s
d)
Q.
Δx.Δp >
-
h
4π
Δx.mΔv >
-
h
4π
In nth Shell ,
r n
2
E n
2
1
nh
2
π
l (l+1) == h
2π
Maximum no. of electrons
E
3s, 3p, 3d
2s, 2p
1s
e- wave function
Node
probability of finding the
electrons
*
Node
*
*
*
*
2
2
Probability of finding the
electron is zero.
plane Plane; where = 0
Radial nodes n-l-1
Angular nodes = l
Electrons are filled in the
increasing order of energy
No two electrons can have same
four
quantum numbers
1s
3
-
against Pauli‛s exclusion
principle
Pairing is only takes place
after each orbital is
singly occupied.
Against Hund‛s rule
FILLING OF
ATOMIC ORBITAL
Aufbau
principle
Pauli‛s
exclusion
principle
Hund‛s
rule
1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p
< 4s < 3d .........
(ii) 3d orbital
(iv) e- in 4th orbit
Q. Find angular momentum of
(i) 2s orbital
(iii) 4p orbital
-12
/
Q. Find maximum no.of e- having
(i) n=4,s= (ii) n=3,l=1,m=0
(iii) n=2,l=0 (iv) n=3,l=1
n l m s
1) 4 0 0
-12
/
+
+
12
/
2) 5 2 3
-12
/
4) 6 3 0
12
/
3) 2 -1 0
Q. Which of the following set of quantum
numbers is correct?
Angular momentum
Orbital angular momentum
Spin angular momentum
= mvr= n
in n
th
orbital
l(l+1)
=
s(s+1)
=
If l=2
1) Orbital = d
2) No. of orbitals = 2(2+1)=5
3) Total e
-
s = 2(2l+1)= 10 e
-
s
4) Orbital angular momentum =
(d
xy
,d
xz
,d
yz
,d
x
2
-y
,d
z
2)
2(2+1)=
6
=
,
2
PHYSICS
WALLAH
