Attention and Executive Functioning Presentation.pdf, Schemes and Mind Maps of Music

Download Attention and Executive Functioning Presentation.pdf and more Schemes and Mind Maps Music in PDF only on Docsity!

No universal agreed upon definition of how adhd is operationalized

*variation in the research

• Differences between boys and girls is variable and complex. Mixed research findings. Other issues surround neurobiological differences between M and F, as well as other environmental factors (sampling basis).
• 3:1 ratio is based upon clinical samples; contrast when looking at non-referred samples the gender differences range from 1:1 to 3:
• Teachers given comparable fictional records (diff only in gender) were more likely to refer boys than girls for consideration of ADHD
• Girls less likely to manifest comorbid types as well as other externalizing behaviors
• Britain uses ICD criteria which is more restrictive, and they conceptualize ADHD from resulting from family dysfunction, social disadvantage
• Social- those with ADHD can be intrusive, immature, bossy, aggressive; negative social interactions with peers may lead to rejection, poor reputations, etc

Slide from: http://www.psychcongress.com/sites/naccme.com/files/318%20Jain_Slides_1.pdf

In social sciences, concentration is referred to as the ability to pay selective

attention to something while ignoring other things. Controlling ones attention is the

ability that we call as concentration. We cannot concentrate on an object or an

activity unless we pay selective attention to it.

Attention is an on and off activity and we can choose to pay attention to something

or not. On the other hand, concentration has levels or degrees though it is hard to

measure these levels.

Paying attention to something or activity is like focusing the spotlight of a torch in

the dark. One can pay attention to several activities at any given time.

ARTICLE in resources that outlines Mirsky model more detailed.

Mirsky suggested that attentive functioning results from coordinated action of several elements including: Encode- can they even get the info in? look at working memory ability Sustain- how do they maintain their performance over time. Computer task (14 min) example Shift- go between different tasks (prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus) Focus/execute- inferior parietal lobe, superior temporal lobe, stratium. Stability- look at response reaction time, errors, etc.

When we talk about brain development, it is a bottom up process with frontal lobe being last to mature in 20s. Executive function skills are often associated with frontal lobe but do not work in isolation, it is a series of processes and interacts with multiple brain regions. Very complex and also variation in how it is defined and described

Research has demonstrated that Children with ADHD have smaller volume prefrontal cortex as compared to same age peers

Dr. Brown gives us a helpful visual image by comparing executive function to the

conductor's role in an orchestra. The conductor organizes various instruments to

begin playing singularly or in combination, integrates the music by bringing in and

fading certain actions, and controls the pace and intensity of the music.

comparing executive function to the conductor's role in an orchestra. The conductor

organizes various instruments to begin playing singularly or in combination,

integrates the music by bringing in and fading certain actions, and controls the pace

and intensity of the music.

An orchestra is made up of many different types of instruments, and each of these

instruments is played independently. It is the conductor's role to integrate and

organize the different instruments from moment to moment to achieve his musical

goal regarding the piece. The conductor may need to respond to unexpected

changes – for example, depending on the acoustics in the concert hall, he may need

to ask one section to play louder.

When we talk about ADHD, executive function is an important factor.

Though not implicitly stated in diagnostic criteria it is in there, subtly through the symptomology.

Barkely conceptualizes ADHD types as separate conditions. Combined and hyperactivity types are different than inattentive.