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Baroque Art
When - correct answer 17th - 18th C Spain where is the sources for this art - correct answer Renaissance; it becomes even more classical and MORE realistic! Classist Trend - correct answer more about drawing Realist Trend - correct answer More an obvious interest in representing things in a theatrical way dramatic light and shade INITIATED BY CARAVAGGIO Caravaggio-- TENEBRISM - correct answer dark painting with really strong; theater spotlight ONE light source Baroque goal (w Church) - correct answer the church needs to CONNECT with people Mannerism was not doing this; it did NOT convey the message people could be saved too well! Describe characteristics - correct answer strong light effects (tenebrism and luminism) dramatic composition, EMOTIONS
theatrical ordinary people NO harmony (this is NOT Renaissance art) Figures are NOT idealized-- why? - correct answer the church wants art that is easy for people to relate to! They want to appeal to the emotions of the people; so saints and martyrs etc. cannot be unattainable WHO IS BAROQUE ART FOR? (two answers) - correct answer The CHURCH (bc the counter reformation) OR the ABSOLUTE MONARCHS-- thin Velazquez painting Philip II after he saw Titian.... etc. describe the political and economic moment in SPAIN during the BAROQUE period
- correct answer moment of political turmoil in Europe in 1609, jews and muslims are expelled from Spain expelling of these people causes an decline in economy and intellectualism BUT NOW-- pure Spanish expression through art occurs Describe: Zubaran-- his life; what inspired him to paint what he did - correct answer Zubarin specializes in saints and monks because he went to live in a monastery to capture the monastic life
Saint Peter Nolasco - correct answer Asked Zubaran to paint a vision with St, Peter; gave specific strict instructions Zubaran paints 2 spheres-- an apparition and St. Peter Nolasco neutral background with FOCUS ON LIGHT Skull in Baroque Art - correct answer a symbol of death; and also a reflection on LIFE and DEATH-- Saints commonly hold skulls Jose de Ribera (fun facts) - correct answer Spanish born; moves to NAPLES which belonged to the SPANISH CROWN at the moment that is why he learned from Caravaggio and employs Tenebrism extreme naturalism and realism COMMON PPL are his ubsjects What was Velazquez's main priority in life? - correct answer To be recognized as a NOBLEMAN He eventually does become the official portraitist of the king/monarchy; which was a position ABOVE the Church He wants to be the artist that gains ultimate INTELLECTUAL status Where was Velazquez born? what did he try all his life to do? - correct answer born in Seville in 1599; all his life he tried to REACH NOBILITY/the painter as the "knight" and as the intellectual Adoration of the Magi (Velazquez) - correct answer Actually a self-portrait
He paints his wife and baby daughter as Mary and Jesus After Velazquez comes to Madrid and becomes the official painter of the king... what kind of stuff does he paint? - correct answer PAGAN MYTHOLOGY! (like Feast of Bacchus) He is now detached from the Church, because being the official portraitist of the king was a position higher than painting for the Church Bacchus - correct answer God of wine and drama (theater) Feast of Bacchus (Velazquez) - correct answer Bacchus stands out and crowns the other figure No clothes; bacchus has very WHITE skin while the other characters do not; showing they work outside Bacchus is idealized while the other figures are realistic What art inspired Velazquez? - correct answer art that was ENTERING THE ROYAL COLLECTIONS which Velazquez now had access to thanks to being the official portraitist of the monarchy so he sees TITIAN for example King Philip IV (painting) describe who; typology; etc. - correct answer VELAZQUEZ one of the first commissions Velazquez gets in Madrid He saw Titan, so we have 4/4 typology-- full body. Not 3/4 like El Greco
VELAZQUEZ AS THE KNIGHT-- DESCRIBE THE SIGNIFICANCE, LAS MENINAS, ETC. -
correct answer Velazquez painted himself as a knight in Las Meninas even though he didn't become one until 2 years AFTER the painting He FINALLY, after desiring it his whole life; becomes a noble when he becomes a KNIGHT OF THE ST. JAMES ORDER Velazquez finally becomes the intellectual, noble knight! Why do we know Velazquez is painting "Las Meninas" in Las Meninas? why is Velazquez ultimately saying? - correct answer He is painting the picture we are seeing He depicts the king and queen reflected in a mirror because it would be innapporporiate to be in the same painting as the king The colors on his palate are the same as the Infanta's dress the canvas is SO large; the size of this one we know this is painted inside the ROYAL PALACE before it burned Velazquez is PLAYING with us! He thus GIVES HIMSELF SO MUCH POWER-- he is saying-- I AM PART OF THE ROYAL FAMILY Velazquez capturing the ACTOR and Calabacillas- significance - correct answer actors at this time were seen as tricky, homeless people but V. depicts the actor ACTING; without any background-- no perspective
just the actor; embodying his talent :) He is humanizing these people by NOT hiding their faults; and truly showing off nothing but them and their talents! Velazquez gives them dignity because they do not need anything to announce their presence or define who they are! The "Golden Age" Period in Spain-- Kings, and what was happening? - correct answer This was when Spain saw political and economic decline of the Spanish empire BUT- Spanish culture FLOURISHED Hapsburg Kings Classical vs Realist Baroque Trends- the two artists - correct answer Classical - Velazquez Realist- Ribera Architecture- first half of 17th C - correct answer Herrarian Architecture Herrarian Architecture - correct answer first half of 17th C CLASSICAL forms; Architects copy the style of EL ESCORIAL by Juan de Herrera because it was an important POLITICAL symbol in Spain Architecture- 2nd half of 17th C - correct answer Curvilinear Forms Curvilinear Forms - correct answer second half of 17th C; centralized layouts in architecture; more organized
Royal Monastery of La Encarnacion - correct answer baroque, but CLASSICAL (Herrerian architecture)? commemorates the expulsion of the Moriscos Plaza Mayor (Madrid) - correct answer Herrerarian Architecture ; similar to El Escorial Philip II starts its Philip III FINISHES it Juan de Herrera does the design! Why did Spain turn to auto-da-fe in its own country? (INQUISITION) - correct answer Spain turns to looking at HERESY in their own country due to economic decline and the terror of the INQUISITION Auto-Da-Fe-- special area int eh middle for... - correct answer MONARCHS AND KINGS! THIS CONNECTS THE CROWN TO THE CHURCH! (during the inquisition ) just like we saw with the Visigoths Auto da fe - correct answer public judgement of a heretic in which they were usually burned at the stake during the INQUISITION Facade del Obradorio Santiago de Compostela - correct answer This BAROQUE facade was made to protect the portal of Glory bc St. James Way made this church so popular "organic" architecture; looks like sandcastle-- this is CHURRIGUERESQUE the two OTHER Baroque trends (SCULPTURE) - correct answer Castile realism
Andalusia classism Castile Trend (sculpture) - correct answer very REALISTIC and very EMOTIONAL appeals to your emotions in an almost violent way Andalusia trend (sculpture) - correct answer classism, idealism trend; more focus on the VIRGIN MARY Gregorio Fernandez (which Baroque school) - correct answer CASTILE REALISM Dead Christ (1614) is very detailed and unrestrained-- creates lots of emotion NOT CLASSICAL because there is NO control of emotion or symmetry here! what is sculpture made of in the Baroque period? example? - correct answer WOOD-- example is the Virgin and Mary Magdalene in the Andalusia Classism trend Why did Ribera have a preference for common models? - correct answer promotes empathy with the viewer Valencia (who was from there) - correct answer Ribera Seville (who was from there) - correct answer Zubaran Tenebrism (describe it all yo) - correct answer very strong contrast between the illuminated and NON illuminated areas treatment of light is unnatural and VERY STRONG
everything is even more exaggerated than Baroque even brush, light, paint gin techniques Francisco Pachecho - correct answer The guy who TAUGHT VELAZQUEZ HOW TO PAINT V. was sent to study in his workshop and started an APPRENTICESHIP there at around age 11 Pacheco wrote many theories on art; and knew SO much about theory Christ in the House of Mary and Martha (year, who, what) - correct answer 1618; Velazquez The sister who stayed w Jesus did the right thing two scenes going on; baroque bc strong unnatural light, still life in foreground common looking figures with a BIBLICAL scene HE SHOWS OFF WITH DIFFERENT TEXTURES (egg shells, fabric, ceramic, etc) earth tone palate what YEAR does V. become the official portaitist of the king? - correct answer 1628; the HAPSBURGS Hapsburgs vs Burbons - correct answer the political protocol of the Hapsburgs was SO STRICT and extreme and complex.... the Burbons were way more luxurious
What inspired Velazquez' Bacchus? - correct answer CARAVAGGIO's BACCHUS which he now saw bc V. had access to the ROYAL COLLECTION IN MADRID (after 1628) Vulcan's Forge-- WHEN does Velazquez do this? - correct answer after he goes to ITALY contraposto-- which Velazquez? - correct answer Vulcans Forge Contraposto - correct answer a pose in which the weight of the body is balanced on one leg while the other is free and relaxed a more NATURAL human stance; V. does the safety going to ROME and seeing CLASSICAL art; and CLASSICAL structures in Italy (anatomically correct) seen in VULCANS FORGE Treatment of the figure after Italy (Velazquez) - correct answer very differnet-- controposto-- after V goes to Italy, he sees the classical architecture of the body and the classical anatomy; so he paints his figures more relaxed and anatomically correct they are LEANING After going to Italy, what does VELAZQUEZ DO WITH SPACE? - correct answer well, before, Velazquez crowded many figures together in his paintings it was AFTER he goes to Italy that he learns to paint SPACE Vulcan;s Force- which mythological scene - correct answer captures the moment when APOLLO enters the Forge of the Vulcan-- he made armor and weapons for the gods (especially Mars) Vulcan's wife has had an affair with mars, and Apollo comes to deliver the news....
Why is JC classical in V's painting? - correct answer Because it is NOT twisted and more relaxed and classical More symmetrical; divine and incredibly human Velázquez portraits for Hapsburgs - correct answer Propaganda for the crown; shows off his very advanced skill of detail and designs evident in horses and clothing All these pieces have a particular destination and would be displayed depending on the POV where the painting is displayed so perspective and proportion changed accordingly Who did V look at for his pictures of royals on horses - correct answer Titian and Reubens Count Duke Olivares - correct answer By Velázquez. The ASSISTANT Of the king— represented on a REARING HORSE which until THIS moment was reserved for the king Ovaries wAs a GENERAL in the court Where does Tonalism come from? - correct answer TITIAN- remember Velázquez Access to Royal collection Martinez Montañez - correct answer Did sculpture of Philip III in Plaza Mayor? Total painting means... - correct answer Not using many colors but harmonizing them with blending tones Pablo de Valladolid - correct answer The ACTOR who V. Paints; he does NOT need a theater; we know who he is, with the power of his presence
Rendition of Berrera - correct answer Represents a victory that was difficult for Spaniards to accept? There was a Siege for 2 years in a small port city in holland in the 17t c The Spaniards finally entered Berrera but LOST it right after! Captures how "NOBLE" the spanish army was with the people of holland... in the painting they actually offer the Spaniards a key to the city In reality this does NOT happen- this is a scene from a play with the SAME NAME Rendition of Berrera location - correct answer The king dedicated ONE ROOM dedicated to military victories at a time when military morale was VERY LOW
