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BIO252 EXAM 3 – CHAMBERLAIN Questions and correct answers 2026 sensory vs. perception for perception to happen, the sensory signal must reach the cerebrum adaptation the ability to no longer perceive sensations due to prolonged exposure free nerve endings pain, temperature changes, tickle, itch encapsulated nerve endingstouch, pressure, vibration special sensory cells used to create special sensory reception exteroceptors sensations from outside the body interoceptors sensations from inside the body proprioreceptors where your body is in space and time mechanoreceptorsstretch (touch, pressure, vibrations, stretch, proprioception) osmoreceptors osmolarity thermoreceptors temperat
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sensory vs. perception for perception to happen, the sensory signal must reach the cerebrum adaptation the ability to no longer perceive sensations due to prolonged exposure free nerve endings pain, temperature changes, tickle, itch encapsulated nerve endings
touch, pressure, vibration special sensory cells used to create special sensory reception exteroceptors sensations from outside the body interoceptors sensations from inside the body proprioreceptors where your body is in space and time mechanoreceptors
pain, fast (acute-sharp stabbing) referred pain the pain is broadcast to spots on your skin just over the organs or even far from it Referred pain liver and gallbladder right upper quadrant/ right shoulder referred pain of stomach inferior to the xyphoid process and intermediate to the scapulae referred pain of the small intestines umbilicus region
referred pain of the kidneys superior to umbilicus and wraps around body down to thigh referred pain of ureters inguinal region, inferior aspect of the rectus abdominus referred pain of bladder five areas superficial to sacral region lower portion of umbilicus region central in the inguinal region two bilateral glute muscles
Ruffini corpuscles- light and deep pressure (baroreceptors) lamellated corpuscles pacinian corpuscle- vibration complex tactile sensations combination of the previous nerve endings- gives surfaces textures visible light is based on what? wavelength layers of the eye
fibrous layer, vascular layer, retina, anterior chamber, vitreous chamber fibrous tunic sclera and cornea sclera whites of the eye made of dense irregular connective tissue extrinsic eye muscles attach cornea less strong but more transparent than the sclera allowing light to pass through
secretes aqueous humor zonular fibers connect the lens to the ciliary body retina photoreceptors (rods and cones) bipolar cell layer ganglion cell layer horizontal cell layer amacrine cells anterior chamber (cavity) of the eye aqueous humor
vitreous chamber vitreous body physiology of vision
gustatory receptor cells send the signal to fascial nerve (CN VII)- anterior 2/3 of tongue, glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) posterior 1/3 of tongue and pharynx, and vagus nerve (CN X) epiglottis after the gustatory receptor cells send signals to the cranial nerves it will pass the signal to the medulla oblongata, thalamus, and parietal lobe papillae bumps on the tongue vallate papillae 12 of them each containing 100-300 taste buds
fungiform papillae scattered all over the tongue and contain about 5 taste buds each foliate papillae located in the lateral trenches of the tongue and degenerate in early childhood filiform papillae cover the entire tongue surface, contain NO taste buds but rather function to increase friction to move food and contain tactile receptors taste sensations
head rotation vertigo loss of sense of balance or "spinning" of the room causes of vertigo stroke, encephalitis, and toxins or drugs like alcohol maculae degeneration "Dark spots" in vision caused by a destruction of the macula lutea wet and dry wet macular degeneration caused by poorly constructed capillaries
dry maculae degeneration destruction without leaky vessels general functions of the endocrine system metabolism, growth, sleep, mood, tissue function, reproduction, stress, fluid dynamics primary endocrine structures Structures whose roll is only in the production of hormones: Pineal gland, Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland, and Adrenal gland secondary endocrine structures
other hormones either trigger the release or inhibit the release neural stimuli neurons control the trigger or inhibition of the release humoral stimuli chemicals control the trigger or inhibition of the release hypothalamus connects to the pituitary via the stalk of the infundibulum hypothalamus is connected to the anterior pituitary by blood vessels (adenohypophysis) hypophyseal portal system
hypothalamus is connected to the posterior pituitary via nerves (neurohypohysis) Learn More You can also click the terms or definitions to blur or reveal them
