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Organs are composed of tissues, which are composed of cells. This is an example of which characteristic of life? - correct answer Living things have levels of hierarchical organization. Nutrient molecules are used to build cellular structures or for energy. This best represents which characteristic of life? - correct answer Living things acquire materials and energy from the environment. The smallest unit that has all of the characteristics of life is the - correct answer cell. The blueprints for structural organization and metabolism are contained in____, and the offspring receive copies of these instructions___. - correct answer DNA; from the parent If a new anti-cancer drug is found to be effective in initial tests with mice, what might researchers conclude? - correct answer The drug is effective in the mouse model; it must still be tested in humans. True or false? Science technology is a basis for all ethical or moral decisions. - correct answer False True or false? Science technology has brought about life-improving discoveries, such as antibiotics. - correct answer True True or false? Science technology helps us to understand the causes of cancer. - correct answer True True or false? Science technology may ease the feeding of the world population by producing new plant strains. - correct answer True True or false? Scientific experimentation may make use of a model instead of an actual subject.
- correct answer True Technology is the______. - correct answer application of scientific knowledge for a practical purpose. Which of the following is a potential consequence if people stop using technology in the agriculture industry? a) There could be a significant decrease in the amount of food produced. b) There would be a collapse of many of the terrestrial ecosystems on Earth. c) The extinction of the top level species that reside in the communities around the agricultural land. d) The amount of food produced would increase.
e) None of these consequences will occur if people stop using technology in the agriculture industry. - correct answer a) There could be significant decrease in the amount of food produced. Corn belongs to the kingdom... - correct answer Plantae You have discovered a previously unknown organism. It is multicellular, with a filamentous form, and absorbs food from its environment. Upon microscopic examination, you see that the cells have nuclei. How would you classify this organism? - correct answer kingdom Fungi Which domain contains organisms that are adapted to life in harsh environments? - correct answer domain Archaea Which of the following is one of the domains of life? a) Animalia b) Eukarya c) Molds d) Protista e) Fungi - correct answer b) Eukarya Which classification category contains the closest related group of organisms? - correct answer genus low hemoglobin levels despite high elevation in Tibetan populations over generations is an example of ______ - correct answer natural selection at work in humans Which level of biological organization is composed of several tissues? - correct answer organ A physician specializes in surgery involving the following group of organs: mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Overall, what is the highest level of organization that this physician is specialized in? - correct answer organ system When comparing energy and chemicals in an ecosystem how many times do chemicals and energy flow through? - correct answer chemicals cycle over and over again, but energy flows through once All the organisms of various species living within a given area constitute a - correct answer community. True or false? Chemicals are recycled in an ecosystem. - correct answer True True or false? Energy flows through an ecosystem, with some being lost as heat. - correct answer True
True or false? The scientific name begins to tie the organism into related groups. - correct answer True True or false? The common name clearly identifies an organism as unique. - correct answer False The three major domains of life are - correct answer archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes. Which domains contain organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus? - correct answer Archaea and Bacteria What is the binomial name of human beings? - correct answer Homo sapiens What is the sequence for different levels of biological organization from the smallest and simplest to the largest and most complex? - correct answer cells-tissues-organs-organ systems- organism The layer where organisms can exist on the surface of the earth is the - correct answer biosphere. Which of the following is of least importance when concerning the preservation of ecosystems? a) Ecosystem preservation maintains the status of species in their current state. b) Many different organisms perform services that ensure our continued existence. c) Humans derive medicines, food, and many important materials from functioning ecosystems. d) Preservation of ecosystems allows humans to exploit as many resources as possible. e) It is estimated that possibly 400 species become extinct each day due to activities of humans.
- correct answer d) Preservation of ecosystems allows humans to exploit as many resources as possible. A community of organisms along with their physical environment constitutes a(n) - correct answer ecosystem. The mathematical comparison between your experimental results and a known value is known as a - correct answer percent error. Data samples in which you expect no change to occur are _____. - correct answer negative controls. Why are volumetric measurements defined as a "cubed" unit? - correct answer Because three individual units are multiplied together. While bird watching, Carl hypothesized he could identify 73 different types of birds in one day. He actually identified 65 different types of birds. What was his percent error? - correct answer 12%
How do you calculate percent error? - correct answer Actual-Guessed over Actual x 100 True or false? A graph is a visual representation of the relationship between the independent variable and the control. - correct answer False True or false? 86014265 in scientific notation is 8.6014265 x 10^7 - correct answer True What is the volume of a pool which is 20.00 meters long, 12.00 meters deep, and 13.00 feet wide? (1 meter=3.28 feet). a) 95121 cm^ b) 9.51 cm^ c) 95121 m^ d) 9.51 x 10^8 cm^3 - correct answer d) 9.51 x 10^8 cm^3 (I THINK) What metric system suffix is used to describe weight? - correct answer Grams How many significant digits are in the number 0.0064080? - correct answer 5 True or false? Quantitative observations are not measurable. - correct answer False The measurable components of an experiment are called - correct answer variables. What component is part of a lab report? a) Title b) Discussion c) Abstract d) All of the above - correct answer d) All of the above Fill in the blanks: The scientific method helps to _____ bias and _____ validity. - correct answer decrease, increase The correct scientific notation for 0.0000082501 is - correct answer 8.2501 x 10^- 6 Suppose you conduct an experiment which simulates glacial recession over time. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? - correct answer Glacial mass How many significant digits are in the number 1.00460? - correct answer 6 What is 0.000000000086 in scientific notation? - correct answer 8.6 x 10^- 11 What does experimental data help reveal? a) The quantitative information
In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind? - correct answer to the enzyme of the first reaction During an enzymatic reaction, what happens to the enzyme? - correct answer The enzyme and the substrate form a temporary complex. Most enzymes are what type of molecule? - correct answer protein molecules What is the equation for photosynthesis? - correct answer energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O - > C6H12O
- 6O Which molecules are the products of aerobic respiration? - correct answer carbon dioxide and water What are the inputs of glycolysis? - correct answer glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NAD+, 4ADP True or false? Fermentation involves the citric acid cycle. - correct answer False True or false? Fermentation does not require oxygen. - correct answer True True or false? Fermentation can produce lactic acid. - correct answer True True or false? Fermentation produces a net two ATP molecules. - correct answer True True or false? Fermentation can produce alcohol. - correct answer True You have discovered an organism that lives inside the gastrointestinal tract and does not contain a nucleus. Based on what you know of cellular respiration, how does it obtain its energy? - correct answer glycolysis Why are two ATP needed to begin glycolysis? - correct answer to activate the glucose Muscles undergo fermentation when what is not available? - correct answer no oxygen is available The formation of carbohydrate occurs within the - correct answer stroma. What are the products of photosynthesis? - correct answer oxygen and carbohydrate How many total carbons are involved in carbon dioxide fixation with 3 molecules of carbon dioxide and 3 molecules of RuBP? - correct answer 18 The Calvin cycle reactions are dependent upon a supply of - correct answer carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP. An early experiment by Van Helmont (1600s) describes how he grew a tree in a large pot and found that after five years, the amount of soil in the pot had not changed. He concluded that the increase in weight was due to the addition of water. At that time, the compounds in the air had not yet been identified. Today, it is known that he only discovered half the story. Which of
these experiments would NOT provide evidence that materials from a source other than water were involved in photosynthesis? a) Carbon is discovered as a major element in trees and is lacking in water molecules. b) Radioactive carbon in carbon dioxide in the air is identified as part of tree structures. c) A very careful analysis of the water taken in and lost by the tree would have revealed only part of the added weight gained by the tree was from water. d) After adding radioactive water with labeled oxygen to a plant, radioactive oxygen is given - correct answer d) After adding radioactive water with labeled oxygen to a plant, radioactive oxygen is given off. Most tree leaves appear green because - correct answer green light is reflected off (chlorophyll). You notice that rain water forms "beads" on your car. This is an example of what property of water? - correct answer cohesion When an ionic bond forms, electrons are - correct answer transferred from one atom to another. At the most basic level, in order to produce oxygen and a carbohydrate (comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen), carbon dioxide must react with _____ as a source of hydrogen. - correct answer OXYGEN OR WATER FIGURE OUT ANSWER Which of the following radiation uses is the one that is most likely to have both beneficial and harmful consequences? a) using radiation to treat a cancer patient b) using radiation to sterilize mail c) using radiation to sterilize surgical equipment prior to a surgery d) radiating fruits and vegetables prior to storage e) All of the answer choices will have beneficial and harmful consequences - correct answer a) using radiation to treat a cancer patient DNA codes for the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure of a protein, but not for sugars or lipids. This is because - correct answer proteins are the main structural and functional components of cells. True or false? DNA is double-stranded, and RNA is single-stranded. - correct answer True True or false? The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose while the sugar in RNA is ribose. - correct answer True
The first law of thermodynamics states that - correct answer energy can be neither created nor destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another. The light reaction of photosynthesis takes place in the - correct answer thylakoid membrane. What are the correct outputs during the citric acid cycle from one molecule of glucose? - correct answer 6 NADH, 4 CO2, 2 ATP, 2 FADH Which of the following would not slow down the electron transport system's production of ATP? a)Limit the amount of oxygen available. b) Decrease use of ATP and thus reduce available ADP c) Reduce synthesis of NAD+ and FAD. d) Add an NADH reductase inhibitor. e) Increase the pumping of hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. - correct answer e) Increase the pumping of hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. Where is ATP synthase complex located? - correct answer the inner membrane of the mitochondria Which is a correct association of mitochondrion structure and phase of cellular respiration? a) matrix - electron transport chain b) cristae - preparatory reaction c) matrix - citric acid cycle d) matrix - glycolysis e) cristae - glycolysis - correct answer c) matrix - citric acid cycle Pyruvate is converted to a two-carbon acetyl group attached to coenzyme A (CoA), and CO2 is given off. This phase is called - correct answer the preparatory reaction. What is the most likely reason that cellular respiration would shift from an aerobic state into an anaerobic state? a) The individual was exercising at a level beyond their capability and entered into oxygen debt. b) A smoker has developed emphysema and has decreased lung capacity. c)The individual has had a stroke in the left hemisphere of their brain. d) None of the answer choices could cause an individual to shift into an anaerobic state.
e)All of the answer choices are reasons that an individual could shift into an anaerobic state. - correct answer e) All of the answer choices are reasons that an individual could shift into an anaerobic state. The raw materials or reactants of the photosynthetic process include - correct answer carbon dioxide and water The main function of stomata is to - correct answer allow passage of CO2 and O2 into the leaf. Which of the follow is not an autotroph? a) yeast b) oak tree c) cyanobacterium d) algae e) grass - correct answer a) yeast CAM plants do what to minimize water loss? - correct answer open their stomata at night To what does the term grana refer? - correct answer a stack of thylakoid membrane structures What cofactor is involved in the Calvin cycle reactions? - correct answer NADP+ What type of lipid is the most abundant constituent of cell membranes? - correct answer phospholipid In water, a weak hydrogen bond occurs between hydrogen in one molecule and - correct answer an oxygen atom in a different molecule. Which nutrient source is the easiest one for humans to break down and form ATP? - correct answer glucose An example of "structure equals function" or "form follows function" at the molecular level is that a) cells of someone that is taller in height will have longer cellular structures b) carbohydrates have a specific number of carbons to allow them to be metabolized to a specific number of oxygen molecules c) frozen water (ice) is less dense than liquid water d) hormones have specific shapes to be recognized by specific cells in the body e) a water strider bug using its long and slender legs to walk on water - correct answer d) hormones have specific shapes to be recognized by specific cells in the body
True or false? To increase enzyme activity you would increase the amount of substrate. - correct answer True True or false? To increase enzyme activity you would change to optimum pH for the reaction. - correct answer True True or false? To increase enzyme activity you would decrease the temperature. - correct answer False Which is NOT a correct attribute of a metabolic pathway? a) Reactants are the input molecules. b) Reactants act as substrates for specific enzymes. c) The product of one reaction can become the reactant for the next. d) If several metabolic pathways have a molecule in common, one pathway can lead to several others. e) A constant supply of new enzymes must be produced to keep the metabolic pathway active.
- correct answer e) A constant supply of new enzymes must be produced to keep the metabolic pathway active. What is a by-product of photosynthesis? - correct answer oxygen How many molecules are formed from the cleavage of glucose during the first step of glycolysis? How many carbons are found in the resulting molecules? - correct answer 2 molecules, each with 3 carbons Glycolysis is likely to have evolved before the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain because - correct answer it is found in all living organisms. How many NADH + H+ are produced by the citric acid cycle per turn? - correct answer three Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the lactate that results from fermentation in the muscles? a) It triggers ongoing heavier breathing to provide further oxygen for the muscles. b) Much of the lactate is transported to the liver where it is converted to pyruvate. c) Some lactate converted to pyruvate is converted back to glucose. d) Some lactate converted pyruvate is then completely broken down. e) It is stored in muscle cells for later ATP production. - correct answer e) It is stored in muscle cells for later ATP production.
Why would an organism utilize fermentation? - correct answer If glucose levels are not high, there may be a time to disperse toxic alcohol waste; the organism can survive short spells of anaerobic conditions and maintain growth and reproduction; fermentation can provide a rapid burst of ATP since it does not have to go through the whole breakdown cycle; for very small organisms, fermentation can be a simple process and is less complicated than cellular respiration. Why would an organism NOT utilize fermentation? - correct answer When oxygen is available. Where are the carriers of the electron transport chain located? - correct answer on the cristae of the mitochondria Which of the following statements comparing the ATP synthase complex in cellular respiration and photosynthesis is not true? a) Both require the movement of H+ from inside a compartment to outside of the compartment. b) Both produce ATP. c) Both work via chemiosmosis. d) Both require a H+ gradient. e) Both are located in a membrane. - correct answer a) Both require the movement of H+ from inside a compartment to outside of the compartment. What will cycle the energized electrons from the reaction center of PS I back to the reaction center in PS I? - correct answer cyclic electron pathway How many membranes does a chloroplast have? - correct answer two The flattened sacs within the stroma of a chloroplast, which are connected to form a single inner compartment, are called - correct answer thylakoids. Where do molecules, such as cellulose and fructose, come from in plant cells? - correct answer G3P is directly converted to many other organic molecules besides glucose. Why is ATP an ideal energy source for cells? - correct answer ATP is a common means of providing energy that can be used in any energy-requiring process in cells. What is the process during photosynthesis where solar energy is converted to a chemical energy by the chloroplasts? - correct answer solar energy + carbon dioxide + water --> carbohydrate + oxygen In plants, chloroplasts are necessary for - correct answer photosynthesis
True or false? Active transport moves molecules or ions against their concentration gradient. - correct answer True True or false? Active transport involves protein pumps. - correct answer True True or false? Active transport is associated with large numbers of mitochondria. - correct answer True True or false? Active transport is associated with nerve and muscle cells. - correct answer True True or false? Active transport cannot be done by animal cells. - correct answer False What do the inside and outside layers of the plasma membrane make up? - correct answer The phospholipid bilayer. Cytoskeletal filaments are present on the inside layer and carbohydrate chains of glycolipids and proteins are present on the outside layer. The number of mitochondria in a cell would be a general indicator of the extent of - correct answer active transport. An isotonic solution means that the solute concentration outside the cell is the ____ as inside the cell. - correct answer same Which is NOT a correct association? a) cytokinesis-division of the cytoplasm b) centromere-point where sister chromatids remain attached c) haploid-one of each chromosome d) sister chromatids-two identical chromosome strands still attached at the centromere e) mitosis-when a cell duplicates and then divides twice to reduce chromosome number by half
- correct answer e) mitosis-when a cell duplicates and then divides twice to reduce chromosome number by half True or false? Mitosis stops if chromosomes are not properly aligned. - correct answer True True or false? Mitosis will not occur if DNA is damaged or not replicated. - correct answer True True or false? If DNA is damaged, apoptosis may occur. - correct answer True True or false? The first checkpoint is located in the S phase of interphase. - correct answer False True or false? Cyclins must be present at certain stages to advance to the next stage. - correct answer True What are the stages of mitosis? - correct answer prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What cells are genetically identical? - correct answer sister chromatids Due to ____ water is absorbed by the kidneys and taken up by capillaries in the tissues. - correct answer Osmotic pressure Which body system is most responsible for homeostasis in response to stress and broadly dictates metabolism? - correct answer the endocrine system The formation of sperm gametes is termed - correct answer spermatogenesis. True or false? Oogenesis in humans occurs in the ovary. - correct answer True True or false? In oogenesis in humans, the egg will contain 23 chromosomes. - correct answer True True or false? In oogenesis in humans four equal size daughter cells will form. - correct answer False True or false? In oogenesis in humans at least two nonfunctional polar bodies will form. - correct answer True True or false? In oogenesis in humans, once started, it will not necessarily go to completion. - correct answer True In peas, yellow is dominant over green in seeds. With which of these is it best to cross a yellow- seeded pea plant to determine whether it is homozygous or heterozygous? - correct answer a green-seeded plant Which of the following is an autosomal dominant disorder? a) Marfan syndrome b)Tay-Sachs c) sickle cell disease d) cystic fibrosis (CF) e) phenylketonuria (PKU) - correct answer a) Marfan syndrome Some plants fail to produce chlorophyll, due to a recessive trait. If we locate a pea plant that is heterozygous for this trait, self-pollinate it, and harvest the seeds, what are the likely phenotypes of the resulting offspring? - correct answer About one-forth will be white and three-fourths green since it is similar to a monohybrid cross. What does a cross look like that will yield only homozygous recessive offspring? - correct answer rryy x rryy
c) translation d) amino acids e) protein synthesis - correct answer b) replication Which of the following nucleotide bases is found only in DNA, not in RNA? a) guanine b) adenine c) thymine d) uracil e) cytosine - correct answer c) thymine True or false? The DNA polymerase molecule recognizes the free nucleotide that pairs with the base on the old strand of DNA. - correct answer True True or false? The DNA polymerase molecule reads the strand of old DNA and recognizes the base there. - correct answer True True or false? The DNA polymerase molecule proofreads to ensure that the proper base has been incorporated. - correct answer True True or false? The DNA polymerase molecule makes the proper nucleotide to match with the base read on the old strand. - correct answer False True or false? The DNA polymerase molecule nucleotides are joined by hydrogen bonds. - correct answer True If the normal nucleotide sequence was TACGGCATG, what type of gene mutation is present if the resulting sequence becomes TAGGCATG? - correct answer deletion mutation What bind to enhancers in eukaryotic cells to increase the rate of transcription? a) Repressors b) RNA polymerases c) Ligases d) Transcription activators e) DNA polymerases - correct answer It's not a; I THINK it's d (BUT I DON'T KNOW) A cluster of prokaryotic genes under the control of one regulatory sequence is called a(n) - correct answer operon.
Goats and cattle are used in gene pharming because - correct answer therapeutic and diagnostic proteins are produced in the milk of these animals and can be harvested for use. Bacteria, plants, and animals have all been used to create transgenic forms that are useful in generating - correct answer pharmaceuticals. What is the function of transposable elements? - correct answer They can duplicate genetic material and change position within a genome. Enzymes from the thermophile organism Thermus aquaticus has allowed the development of what procedures? - correct answer polymerase chain reaction All of the answer choices listed below are uses for transgenic bacteria, except a) bioremediation b) the production of organic chemicals, such as phenylalanine c) the production of chemicals toxic to insects d) the production of plants like the pomato e) the production of human growth hormones - correct answer d) the production of plants like the pomato Which of the following is NOT part of the process for PCR (polymerase chain reaction)? a) the use of an engineered DNA polymerase b) the denaturing of the double-stranded DNA to yield single-strand DNA c) multiple cycles of the chain reaction to yield a greater number of DNA copies d) final product is single-stranded DNA e) All of the answer choices are parts of the process for PCR. - correct answer d) final product is single-stranded DNA In 1940, two researchers named Weiner and Landsteiner discovered that about 85 percent of the human population sampled possessed a blood cell protein called the Rh factor. The presence of Rh factor was labeled Rh positive (Rh+) and was found to be dominant over the absence of the blood factor (Rh-). Under normal Mendelian inheritance, which of the following statements is/are FALSE? a) Two Rh+ parents could have an Rh- child. b) Two Rh- parents could have an Rh+ child. c) An Rh- child would require that both parents be carriers of at lease one Rh- allele.
