Bioinformatics
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Monomers & Macromolecules: Overview of Biological Fields & History, Slides of Computational Techniques
An overview of monomers, their classification, and the formation of macromolecules. It also introduces related fields such as computational biology, cheminformatics, genomics, proteomics, pharmacogenomics, and pharmacogenetics. The document also includes brief histories of key discoveries in genetics and computer science.
Typology: Slides
2012/2013
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Bioinformatics
What
Is
Bioinformatics?
Bioinformatics is the unified discipline formed from the combination of biology, computer science, and information technology. - "The mathematical, statistical and computing methods that aim to solve biological problems using DNA and amino acid sequences and related information.“ –Frank Tekaia
Related
Fields:
Computational
Biology
The study and application of computing methods for classical biology
Primarily concerned with evolutionary, population and theoretical biology, rather than the cellular or molecular level
Related
Fields:
Medical
Informatics
The study and application of computing methods to improve communication, understanding, and management of medical data
Generally concerned with how the data is manipulated rather than the data itself
Related
Fields:
Genomics
Analysis and comparison of the entire genome of a single species or of multiple species
A
genome is the set of all genes possessed by an organism
Genomics existed before any genomes were completely sequenced, but in a very primitive state
Related
Fields:
Proteomics
Study of how the genome is expressed in proteins, and of how these proteins function and interact
Concerned with the actual states of specific cells, rather than the potential states described by the genome
Related
Fields:
Pharmacogenetics
The use of genomic methods to determine what causes variations in individual response to drug treatments
The goal is to identify drugs that may be only be effective for subsets of patients, or to tailor drugs for specific individuals or groups
History
of
Bioinformatics
Genetics
Computers and Computer Science - Bioinformatics
Gregor
Mendel
Credited with the theories of Heredity
Developed his theories through the study of pea pods. - Studied them “for the fun of the thing”
Mendel’s
Experiments
Cross
bred two different types of pea seads
Sperical - Wrinkled - After the
nd generation of pea seeds were cross
bred, Mendel noticed that, although all of the
nd generation seeds were spherical, about
th of the
rd generation seeds were wrinkled.
History
of
Chromosomes
Walter Flemming
August Weissman - Theodor Boveri - Walter
S.
Sutton
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Walther
Flemming
Studied the cells of salamanders and developing improved fixing and staining methods
Developed the concept of mitosis cell reproduction
Theodor Boveri (1862-
Studied the eggs of exotic animals - Used a light microscope to examine chromosomes more closely - Established individuality and continuity in chromosomes - Flemming, Boveri, and Weismann together are given credit for the discovery of chromosomes although they did not work together.
Walter
S.
Sutton
Also studied germ cells specifically those of the Brachystola magna (grasshopper)
Discovered that chromosomes carried the cell’s unit’s of inheritance