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Biological Classification I ROBERT H. WHITTAKER (1969) Organisms Two Kingdom | | Classification Prokaryotic Eukaryotic ® Given by Linnaeus | [ Divided into Plantae Moses & Animalia Unicellular Multicellular Three Domain of i | Life (Six Kinged ) With cell wall Without cell wall® This system divide | the Kingdom ] Phototrophic Heterotrophic Monera into two domain Plantae Fungi e Remaining Kingdom in 3” domain. ‘Characteristics of Five Kingdoms Five Kingdoms Characters = Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Cell type Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic ‘Cell wall Noncellulosic Present insome | Present with | Present Absent (Polysaccharide + chitin (cellulose) amino acid) Nuclear Absent Present Present Present Present membrane Baily Cellular Cellular Multicellular/ | Tissue/organ | ‘Tissue/organ/ organisation loose tissue organ system Mode of | Autotrophic Autotrophic Heterotrophic | Autotrophic | Heterotrophic nutrition — | (C hemosynthetic and =| (Photosynthetic) | (Saprophytic/ | (Photosyn- (Holozoic/ photosynthetic) and and Hetero- Parasitic) thetic) Saprophytic Heterotrophic (sapro- | trophic etc.) MONERA Kingdom Monera I Archaebacteria Eubacteria (primitive bacteria) (true bacteria) Methanogens Halophiles Thermoacidophiles (methane producing (salty/marine (present in acidic bacteria) bacteria) sulphur springs) On the basis On the basis On the basis of staining behaviour of structure of nutrition | | -— Autotrophic Gram-Positive Gram-Negative © Photosynthetic Bacteria Bacteria bacteria © Purple-sulphur Cocci Bacilli Spirillum Vibrio 5 F —— Heterotrophic “come (capsule) (Spiral) . (comma-like) E : alge _ i © Symbiotic oe —™, en oP ge PROTISTA . ——__ * Tre nucleus (membrane bound) © Single celled|eukaryotes— | Memivence | 4 les €0.) The boundaries of protistia are not well defined Photosynthetic protista Plants Chrysophytes This group includes diatoms and golden algae (desmids). Diatoms have left behind large amount of cell wall deposits in their habitat; this accumulation over billions of years is referred to as ‘diatomaceous earth’. Being gritty, this soil is used in polishing, filtration of oils and syrups. Diatoms are the chief ‘producers’ in the oceans. = Hano Book (BioLocy) & Basidiomycetes Commonly known forms of basidiomycetes are mushrooms, bracket fungi or puffballs. The sex organs are absent, but plasmogamy is brought about by fusion of two vegetative or somatic cells of different strains or genotypes. ¢.g., Rusts and Smuts. Deuteromycetes Commonly known as imperfect fungi because only the asexual or vegetative phases of these fungi are known. Some examples are Alternaria, Colletotrichum and Trichoderma KINGDOM PLANTAE Kingdom Plantae includes all eukaryotic chlorophyll-containing organisms commonly called plants. KINGDOM ANIMALIA This kingdom is characterised by heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms that are multicellular and their cells lack cell walls. Virus The viruses are non-cellular organisms that are characterised by having an inert crystalline structure outside the living cell. Viruses contain protein and genetic material, that could be either RNA or DNA. Viroids In 1971, T.O. Diener discovered a new infectious agent that was viroids and they contain only RNA and strictly found in plants. Prions It is a types of infectious protein aggregates that can cause different types of disease. The most notable diseases caused by prions are bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) commonly called mad cow disease in cattle and its analogous variant Cr—Jacob disease (CJD) in humans. Lichens A symbiotic form of algae and fungi, in which algae provide food and fungi provide shelter as well as nutrition to algae. Lichens are very good pollution indicators—they do not grow in polluted areas. QO @ Hano Book (BioLocy) = 8) 
