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The Living World * What is living — ++ Taxonomy & Systematics The Living World — : ; —+ Taxonomic Categories + Taxonomic Aids LIVING Living J Characteristics | Non Define (with exception) Define (without any exception) (Not a characteristic ] Growth feature of living) Reproduction Consciousness is | Metabolism Increase in Increase in a Mass Cell Number Cellular Organization Asexual Sexual Reproduction Reproduction --(Uniparental) (Biparental) zs | e.g., mostly multicellular and unicellular organisms By Budding (Yeast, Hydra) ' conf Regeneration (Planaria) Fragmentation — Fungi and Filamentous algae and protonema of mosses Non Defining Characteristics ® Growth + Reproduction — Mutually Inclusive Event — Unicellular ® Growth + Reproduction — Mutually Exclusive event — Multicellular Note: ® Growth in plant is localised & indefinite (throughout life) ® Growth in animal is diffused and definite (up to a limit) Important: @ Reproduction ts not a characteristic feature of living e.g, mules, worker bees and infertile human. Irreversible change ® = In living — Growth < Intrinsic (occurs due to increase protoplasm) Defining Characteristics (a) Metabolism — Catabolism + Anabolism. It mean some of all catabolic and anabolic reactions in our body. In vitro — Not a living thing but is a living reaction. Metabolism is a characteristic feature of living things inside a cell. (6) Cellular Organisation — Metabolic reaction inside the cell, it mean cellular organization strictly require for metabolism to define the feature. (c) Consciousness — The state of being aware of what is around you and able to sense environment. Consciousness therefore, become the defining property of living organism TAXONOMY AND SYSTEMATICS * Identification: Correct description of organism. ® Nomenclature: Scientific naming — Binomial nomenclature given by Linnaeus. *® Classification: Give a particular position of an organism ina particular taxa. ICBN — International Code for Botanical Nomenclature. ICZN — International Code for Zoological Nomenclature Binomial nomenclature given by Carolus Linnaeus Name with " components ! Generic name Specific epithet System Naturae — written by Linnaeus e 8 Hano Book (Biotosy) =~ (ii) Botanical Gardens: Collection of living plant for reference in a specialised gardens e.g, Kew (England), Indian Botanical Garden, Kolkata (W.B.). (iii) Museum: Collection of preserved plants and animal specimens in colleges for study purpose and reference. (iv) Zoological Parks: A place where wild animal kept under human care for learn about food habits and behaviour. (vy) Key: Keys are generally analytical in nature. Keys are based on contrasting characters generally in a pair called couplet. Each statement in the key is called lead Q00 @ Hano Book (Biotocy) . 4) 
