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Biology 1161 LSUA Summer Lecture Test 2 (82 questions and answers).docx
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What is needed to start Krebs cycle,and what is the end product? - answer start-acetyl-CoA? end product-oxaloacetic? What is needed to start glycolysis, and what is the end product? - answer start-glucose end product-pyruvic acid
cellular respiration - answer the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food; divided into three metabolic processes;
transitional epithelium - answer stretches and allows stored urine to distend urinary organs; found in bladder, ureter and parts of the urethra areolar connective tissue - answer cushions organs and holds tissue fluid; found in mucous membranes, organs and capillaries adipose tissue - answer reserve food fuel, insulates, and protects organs; found in abdomen, breast and around kidneys and eyeballs reticular tissue - answer supports other cells; found in spleen and bone marrow dense regular connective tissue - answer attaches muscles to bones or muscles, attaches bones to bones; found in tendons and ligaments dense irregular connective tissue - answer withstand tension and provide structural strength; found in joints, dermis, digestive tract dense elastic connective tissue - answer allows tissue to stretch and recoil; found in walls of aorta hyaline cartilage - answer supports and reinforces; found in nose, trachea, and larynx
elastic cartilage - answer maintain shape; found in the external ear and epiglottis fibrocartilage - answer absorbs shock; found in intervertebral discs bone tissue(osseous) - answer supports and protects; found in bones blood - answer transport; found in blood vessels skeletal muscle - answer voluntary movement; found in skeletal muscle cardiac muscle - answer involuntary muscle; found in the walls of the heart smooth muscle - answer involuntary control, propels substances; found in walls of hollow organs nervous tissue - answer control and support; found in the spinal cord, brain, and nerves
minerals food group - answer fruits vegetables grains protein dairy essential nutrients - answer nutrients necessary for normal body functioning that must be obtained from food; liver cannot synthesize non-essential nutrients - answer vital for life; can be synthesized by the body glucose - answer fuel used by cells to make ATP fructose and galactose - answer monosaccharides that are converted to glucose by the liver before circulation gum derivatives and Olestra - answer body cannot metabolize complete proteins - answer contain all essential amino acids
incomplete proteins - answer lack some essential amino acids all or none rule - answer All amino acids needed must be present for protein synthesis to occur; if not all are present, then amino acids are used for energy positive nitrogen balance - answer synthesis exceeds breakdown(pregnant women, tissue repair) negative nitrogen balance - answer breakdown exceeds synthesis(stress, burns infection) water soluble vitamins - answer B, C fat soluble vtamins - answer A, D, E, K(all found in body except K) megadose - answer a very large amount of a dietary supplement(useless) What is needed to start the electron transport chain, and what is the end product? - answer start-NADH? end product-water and ATP?
types of secretion - answer merocrine apocrine holocrine merocrine - answer products are secreted by exocytosis apocrine - answer accumulates products within but only apex ruptures; controversy if it exists in humans holocrine - answer accumulate products within, then rupture (sebaceous oil glands) endocrine glands(ductless) - answer ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the blood exocrine glands(has duct) - answer secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body sebacous glands - answer oil glands 3 types of covering and lining membranes - answer cutaneous-skin mucous-nose, mouth serous-lungs, heart
cutaneous membrane - answer skin, epidermis and dermis mucous membrane - answer lines body cavities open to the exterior; mouth, nose, eyes serous membrane (serosa) - answer in closed ventral body cavity; internal organs epidermis - answer superficial region of epithelial tissue dermis - answer fibrous connective tissue that underlies epidermis hypodermis(superficial fascia) - answer subcutaneous adipose tissue(not skin) epidermis layers - answer stratum basale- mitosis happens here stratum spinosum- prickly layer stratum granulosum- water resistant stratum lucidum(only in thick skin)- soles and palms
Hemoglobin (red blood cell pigment) arrector pili - answer smooth muscle attached to follicle, responsible for "goose bumps" hair papilla - answer dermal tissue - blood supply function of the integument system - answer protection- forms barrier 3 ways (chemical, physical, biological) body temperature regulation cutaneous sensation metabolic functions blood reservoir excretion skin cancer(homeostatic imbalance) - answer basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma melanoma
most skin tumors are_ and don't _ benign(not cancerous) metastasize(spread) burn classification by severity - answer first degree- epidermal damage only, localized redness, edema, and pain second degree- epidermal and upper dermal damage, blisters appear third degree- entire thickness of skin involved, skin gray-white, cherry red, or blackened, nerve endings destroyed, skin graft usually necessary
