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In which part of the digestive system is most water re-absorbed? A. The kidneys B. The stomach C. The small intestine D. The large intestine In diabetes mellitus, which compound is found in excess in the urine? A. Insulin B. Glucagon C. Protein D. Glucose What are the characteristics of the lipase used in digestion? A Which of the following correctly explains the functions of parts of the digestive system? D D Which of the following structures help the absorption of food by the small intestine? I. Capillary networks II. Villi III. Microvilli IV. Membrane proteins A. I and II only B. II and III only C. II, III and IV only
. I, II, III and IV Questions and Answers
____1. The brain and the spinal cord are the a. peripheral nervous system c. central nervous system b. sympathetic nervous system d. parasympathetic nervous system ____2. What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system? a. cell body b. reflex arc c. neuron d. neutron ____3. Which of the following is true? a. Dendrites carry information toward the cell body. c. Axons carry information toward the cell body. b. Dendrites carry information away from the cell body. d. None of the above ____4. Neurons carry information through the body in the form of a. nerve impulses. b. dendrites. c. axons. d. nerve fibers. ____5. Which neurons conduct information toward the central nervous system? a. sensory neurons b. motor neurons c. interneurons d. none of the above ____6. Neurons with myelin sheath conduct nerve impulses a. faster than neurons without myelin sheaths. c. slower than neurons without myelin sheaths. b. at the same speed as neurons without myelin sheaths. d. in greater numbers than neurons without myelin sheaths. ____7. Messages take the form of electrical signals, and are known as a. sensory neurons b. nerve impulses c. motor neurons d. reflex arc ____9. What are the spaces between adjacent neurons called? a. reflex arc b. effector c. synaptic cleft d. resting potential ____10. What is the function of neurotransmitters? a. hurl neurons through synapses to create new nerve impulses b. chemically link neurons across the synapse to conduct impulses c. receive and transmit ultrasound waves across synapses d. none of the above ____15. The long fiber that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body is a (n) a. dendrite b. interneuron c. axon d. axon terminal ____19. If you accidentally touch a hot stove, you pull your finger away before the impulse is relayed to the a. spinal cord b. effecter c. brain d. receptor
- All of the following are controlled by the cerebrum except a. memory b. digestion c. voluntary movement d. logical thought
- Muscular coordination is controlled by a. spinal cord b. cerebrum c. medulla d. cerebellum
- The breathing rate is controlled by a. spinal cord b. cerebrum c. medulla d. cerebellum
- The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following except a. digestion b. breathing c. pulse d. balance e. blinking
- The release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft is an example of a. exocytosis b. endocytosis c. active transport d. facilitated transport
- What is the function of the dendrite? a. sense external stimuli b. produce neurotransmitters c. carry impulses to cell body d. carry impulses away from cell body
Which of the following correctly name the structures labelled I, II and III? B Drinking excess alcohol can lead to long-term damage to the liver. In which sequence would the effects occur? C 38 Which group could be a single population? A all the animals and plants on an isolated island B all the birds counted in one day in a garden C all the bacteria in a colony of Bacillus subtilis D all the insects occupying three hectares of farmland 39 What is the role of decomposers in the nitrogen cycle? A They convert proteins to ammonium compounds. B They fix atmospheric nitrogen. C They oxidise ammonium compounds to nitrites. D They oxidise nitrites to nitrates. 40
The image above is of a food web because A. It shows a single path of energy. B. It shows what organisms eat. C. Is shows many paths of energy. What do the arrows show? A. Which animal is eaten by a different animal. B. The order of animals from smallest to larges. C. The direction of energy flow. From where does the frog get its energy? A. From the Kookaburra. B. From the moth. C. From the ant. D. From the moth, ant, and dragonfly. The algae is a A. Consumer B. Producer C. Decomposer The tadpole is a A. Primary consumer B. Secondary consumer C. Tertiary consumer The Maned Geese are a A. Primary consumer B. Secondary consumer C. Tertiary consumer The niche of a decomposer is
The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle B. Which kind of bacteria are involved in steps 1 , 2 and 3? What name is given to an organism that ingests dead organic matter? A. Autotroph B. Detritivore C. Herbivore D. Parasite Which series of ecological units is in the correct order of decreasing biomass? A. Ecosystem, population, community, individual B. Biosphere, ecosystem, population, individual C. Community, biosphere, population, individual D. Biosphere, ecosystem, population, community What is the correct match of example to ecological term? B 39 What name is given to all the organisms in an area and their interactions with their environment? A community B ecosystem C niche D population 40 Which statement explains why two species cannot permanently occupy the same ecological niche?
A The two species could not interbreed. B The two species may be part of separate food webs. C The two species would compete for the same resources. D The two species would have different nutritional requirements. The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle. Which arrow represents the release of carbon dioxide in respiration? What are the main sources of carbon dioxide on earth? A. cellular respiration of consumers, producers and combustion of fossil fuels B. photosynthesis and cellular respiration of consumers C. cellular respiration of producers and combustion of fossil fuels D. photosynthesis and combustion of fossil fuels _______How many kingdoms have been classified? Four Five Six Seven _______Which of the following is a rule for binomial nomenclature? Use of Latin as a language Capitalize only the genus name, species name is always written as lowercase Italicize the genus and species names in print or underline when handwritten All of the above A & C only
32 An oxygen molecule diffuses directly from the air in an alveolus to haemoglobin in a red blood cell. What is the minimum number of cell surface membranes through which this molecule must pass? A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 The mammalian circulatory system is described as a closed double circulation. The diagram shows the circulatory system in a different organism. The arrows show the direction of blood flow in the vessels. How is the circulatory system in this organism described? A closed double B closed single C open double D open single What is an effect of inhaling tobacco smoke? A decreased mucus production by goblet cells B increased movement of cilia in bronchial epithelium C reduced oxygen transport by blood D thinning of bronchial epithelium A red blood cell, entering the right side of the heart, passes by or through the following structures. 1 atrioventricular valve 2 semilunar valve 3 right atrium 4 right ventricle 5 sinoatrial node In which order will the red blood cell pass the structures? A 3 → 1 → 4 → 5 → 2 B 3 → 5 → 1 → 2 → 4 C 5 → 3 → 1 → 4 → 2
D 5 → 3 → 2 → 4 → 1
Which hormone affects the heart beat? A. Glucagon B. Insulin C. Adrenalin D. Oxytocin Which chamber of the heart shows the greatest pressure changes during one cardiac cycle? A left atrium B left ventricle C right atrium D right ventricle 32 Four people of the same age, sex and mass had their pulse rate taken before and immediately after taking a standard strenuous exercise. Which person had the most well developed heart muscle? A What are the structures labelled I and II on the diagram of the heart? A. I is the pulmonary artery and II is the atrio-ventricular valve. B. I is the pulmonary vein and II is the atrio-ventricular valve. C. I is the pulmonary artery and II is the semi-lunar valve. D. I is the pulmonary vein and II is the semi-lunar valve. Which is the correct sequence of events in a heartbeat? A. Atria contract→ Ventricles contract→ Semi-lunar valves close→ Atrio-ventricular valves close B. Atria contract→ Atrio-ventricular valves close→ Ventricles contract→ Semi-lunar valves close C. Atria contract→ Ventricles contract → Atrio-ventricular valves close → Semi-lunar valves open D. Ventricles contract → Atria contract→ Atrio-ventricular valves close→ Semi-lunar valves close Which of the following correctly describes blood entering the pulmonary artery from the heart? B
What is the role of the internal intercostal muscles during ventilation of the lungs? A. Increasing the pressure in the thorax B. Increasing the volume in the thorax C. Increasing the surface area of the alveoli D. Increasing the diameter of the bronchioles C Which process results in inhalation? A. An increase in volume of the chest cavity B. An increase in pressure in the chest cavity C. Relaxation of the external intercostal muscles D. Relaxation of the diaphragm Gas exchange in the alveoli of the lungs takes place in a similar way to gas exchange between cells and capillaries. How is oxygen transported from the alveoli into the surrounding blood capillary? A. By diffusion from a high concentration in the alveoli to a low concentration in the blood B. By active transport from a high concentration in the alveoli to a low concentration in the blood C. By diffusion from a low concentration in the alveoli to a high concentration in the blood D. By active transport from a low concentration in the alveoli to a high concentration in the blood Gas exchange in the alveoli of the lungs takes place in a similar way to gas exchange between cells and capillaries. Which two statements describes how carbon dioxide is transported from the blood capillary into the alveoli? A. By active transport B. By diffusion C. From a high concentration in the blood to a low concentration in the alveoli D. From a low concentration in the blood to a high concentration in the alveoli
- ____The main passageway that leads to the lungs from the throat is the ____. a. pharynx b. epiglottis c. esophagus d. trachea
- ____The FIRST branches off the trachea are called a. bronchioles b. bronchi c. arterioles d. alveoli
- ____ What helps keep the alveoli inflated at the perfect size a. surfactant (soap-like molecules) b. cilia c. mucus d. hemoglobin
- ____The dome shaped muscle below the chest cavity is called the a. intercostals b. rib muscle c. diaphragm d. coleus
- ____During swallowing, the air passage of the pharynx is covered by the a. larynx b. epiglottis c. trachea d. bronchi
- ____Alveoli in the lungs are connected to the bronchi by a network of tiny tubes called a. arterioles b. venules c. capillaries d. bronchioles
- ____The ______ is a long straight tube that carries air from the back of the throat to the lungs. a. larynx b. trachea c. epiglottis d. pharynx
- ____Inside the alveoli, carbon dioxide and oxygen a. are exchanged c. are transported along microscopic tubules b. are produced inside cells d. are exchanged for other gases
- ____The term Least closely related to the others is a. inspiration b. expiration c. internal respiration d. breathing
- ____The diaphragm is located along the bottom of the a. stomach b. liver c. abdominal cavity d. rib cage
- ____Cilia that line the walls of air passageways a. move the inspired air to the alveoli c. moisten the expired air b. move the expired air to the nasal cavity d. clean the inspired air
- _____ plays a role in holding one’s breath a. true vocal cords b. false vocal cords c. Pharynx d. epiglottis
- ____Internal respiration is at the level of the a. organism b. cell c. lungs d. pharynx
- ____Which of the following occurs as air rushes into the lungs to equalize air pressure? a. inhalation b. contraction c. exhalation d. None of the above.
- ____The actual exchange of gases occurs at the site of the a. larynx b. nasal passage c. trachea d. alveoli
- ____Each alveolus a. contains many air sacs b. is surrounded by capillaries c. attaches to the larynx d. is a large air sac
- ____Gas exchange occurs when a. oxygen in the alveoli diffuses into the blood in the capillaries b. oxygen binds with hemoglobin in the red blood cells c. the red blood cells give up oxygen to the cells of the body tissues d. All of the above.
- ____When the diaphragm and rib cage muscles relax a. the chest cavity enlarges b. expiration occurs c. inspiration occurs d. it is impossible to breath
- ____Which is the correct sequence for the path of oxygen through the respiratory system? a. nasal passages, bronchi, trachea, bronchioles, cells, blood, alveoli b. cells, blood, alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, nasal passages c. nasal passages, blood, alveoli, bronchi, cells, trachea, bronchioles d. nasal passages, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, blood, cells
- ____The elastic tissue that forms a flap over the top of the larynx is the
respiration
- ____The order of air movement with in the lungs is Best described as a. bronchioles to bronchi to alveoli c. bronchi to bronchioles to alveoli b. trachea to bronchi to alveoli d. bronchi to alveoli to bronchioles
- ____During inhalation, the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostals muscles causes the chest cavity's a. volume to increase and pressure to increase b. volume to decrease and pressure to decrease c. volume to decrease and pressure to increase d. volume to increase and pressure to decrease
- ____The cilia that line your trachea and bronchi a. move mucus and dirt upward c. produce dirt trapping mucus b. only beat when you inhale d. help in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide The diagram below shows the human male reproductive system and associated organs. Which of the labelled structures indicate the bladder, prostate and urethra? B Which of the structures labelled in the diagram below provide nourishment for developing sperm cells? C
Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum in the ovary of a woman at implantation? A. FSH B. LH C. HCG D. Progesterone In which of the following structures does meiosis take place? A. Epididymis B. Prostate gland C. Testis D. Seminal vesicle What is the sequence of events in spermatogenesis? D. meiosis →mitosis mitosis →mitosis growth →mitosis differentiation C. mitosis →mitosis meiosis →mitosis differentiation →mitosis growth B. mitosis →mitosis growth →mitosis meiosis →mitosis differentiation A. growth →mitosis meiosis →mitosis mitosis →mitosis differentiation Which of the following parts of the male reproductive system contribute to the production of semen? I. Epididymis II. Seminal vesicle III. Bladder IV. Prostate A. II only B. II and IV only C. I, II and IV only D. I, II, III and IV
33. Where is human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) produced?
A. Ovary B. Anterior pituitary C. Embryo D. Posterior pituitary The diagram below shows the structure of testis tissue as seen using a light microscope. Which is the primary spermatocyte? C
