Docsity
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Docsity AI
Docsity AI
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search for your university

Find the specific documents for your university's exams

Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

biomedical sciences for animals, Cheat Sheet of Medical ethics

Alliance UniversityMedical ethics

a biomedical science that focus on the zoology of animal

Typology: Cheat Sheet

2024/2025

Uploaded on 11/09/2025

rinhlui
rinhlui 🇮🇳

1 document

1 / 27

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
Mizoram University
UG/Bachelor's Degree Programme with Multiple Entry and
Exit Options
under the
National Education Policy 2020
Curriculum and Credit Framework for Undergraduate
Programmes (CCFUP)
in
ZOOLOGY
2023
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15
pf16
pf17
pf18
pf19
pf1a
pf1b

Partial preview of the text

Download biomedical sciences for animals and more Cheat Sheet Medical ethics in PDF only on Docsity!

Mizoram University

UG/Bachelor's Degree Programme with Multiple Entry and

Exit Options

under the

National Education Policy 2020

Curriculum and Credit Framework for Undergraduate

Programmes (CCFUP)

in

ZOOLOGY

Undergraduate Zoology Course Structure and Credit Distribution Semester Course Code Course Name Credits Total Credits Lecture Practicum I ZOO100 Systematics and Fundamental Concepts 4 - 4 ZOO101 Non-chordate Biology 4 - 4 [Minor course from other disciplines] 4 - 4 ZOO110 Fundamentals of Biology 3 - 3 ENG150 Communication Skill 3 - 3 MIZ150 Introduction to Mizo Language HIN150 Devanagaree Lipi VAC100 Universal Human Values 2 - 2 20 II ZOO160 Evolution and Ethology 4 - 4 ZOO161 Chordate Biology and Wildlife 4 - 4 [Minor course from other disciplines] 4 - 4 ZOO120 Fundamentals of Biology 3 - 3 SEC160 Skill Enhancement Course - 3 3 VAC120 Understanding India 2 - 2 20 UG Certificate in Zoology 40 III ZOO200 Cell Biology 3 1 4 ZOO201 Anatomy 3 1 4 [Minor course from other disciplines] 4 - 4 ZOO210 Fundamentals of Biology 3 - 3 SEC270 Skill Enhancement Course - 3 3 VAC230 Environmental Science 2 - 2 VAC231 Digital and Technological Solution 20 IV ZOO260 Genetics 4 - 4 ZOO261 Physiology 3 1 4 [Minor course from other disciplines] 4 - 4 ENG250 Grammar and Comprehension Skills 3 - 3 MIZ250 Mizo Grammar & Writing Skill HIN250 Hindi Kampyuting SEC280 Skill Enhancement Course - 3 3 VAC240 Sports and Fitness 2 - 2 VAC241 Health and Wellness VAC242 Yoga Education 20 UG Diploma in Zoology 80 V ZOO300 Biochemistry 3 1 4 ZOO301 Embryology 3 1 4 ZOO302 Endocrinology and Reproduction Biology 3 1 4 [Minor course from other disciplines] 4 - 4

Systematics and Fundamental Concepts ZOO Credit: 4 Course outcome : Understanding of the basics of zoological studies on classification, historical development, major concepts and applications. Theory Unit 1 Principles of systematics: Linnaean classification and taxonomic hierarchy; binomial and binominal nomenclature: priority, priority and homonymy rules; concept of kingdom and kingdom classifications. Unit 2 Aristotle’s biology. Discovery of Archaea and development of domain system. Species concepts: biological, morphological, ecological, evolutionary and phylogenetic. Unit 3 Speciation: types and examples. Scala naturae vs the tree of life. Proteins, DNA and RNA in molecular phylogeny. Cladogram and phylogenetic tree. Unit 4 Spontaneous generation – contributions of Francesco Redi, John Needham, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Louis Pasteur. Recapitulation theory vs Von Baer’s law. Pangenesis – concept, Galton’s and Weismann’s experiments. Suggested readings

  1. Kapoor, V. C. (2001). Principles and Practices of Animal Taxonomy (2nd^ edition). Science Publishers Inc.
  2. Margulis, L., and Chapman, M. J. (2009). Kingdoms and Domains: An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth. Academic Press.
  3. Mayr, E., and Ashlock, P. D. (1991). Principles of Systematic Zoology ( 2 nd^ edition). McGraw-Hill.
  4. Moore, J. A. (1993). Science as a Way of Knowing: The Foundations of Modern Biology. United Kingdom: Harvard University Press.
  5. Wheatley, D. N., Agutter, P. S. (2008). Thinking about Life: The History and Philosophy of Biology and Other Sciences. Springer Netherlands.

Non-chordate Biology ZOO Credit: 4 Course outcome : Knowledge on the fundamental nature and diversity of life forms among the invertebrates, their unique behaviours and key biological functions. Theory Unit 1 Locomotion in Protozoa: amoeboid, cell crawling, ciliary and flagellar. Structure of Euglena. Paramecium : conjugation and kappa particles. Reproduction in Amoeba. Unit 2 Phyla of invertebrates with their salient features. Metamerism. Symmetry in animals. Coelom. Canal system in poriferans. Unit 3 Corals and coral reefs. Polymorphism in Hydrozoa. Torsion and detorsion in Gastropoda. Reproductive and excretory systems of earthworm. Unit 4 Circulatory and excretory systems of Periplaneta. Insect metamorphosis. Social organisation in insects. Asterias – water vascular system and life history. Suggested readings

  1. Giribet, G., Brusca, R. C., Moore, W. (2022). Invertebrates (4th^ edition). Oxford University Press Inc.
  2. Jordan, E. L., Verma, P. S. (20 22 ). Invertebrate Zoology (Library Edition). S. Chand and Company.
  3. Kotpal, R. L. (20 20 ). Modern Textbook of Zoology: Invertebrates (1 2 th^ edition). Rastogi Publications.
  4. Pechenik, J. (2014). Biology of the Invertebrates (7th^ Edition). McGraw-Hill Education.
  5. Wiser, M. F. (201 0 ). Protozoa and Human Disease. Garland Science Taylor and Francis Group.

Evolution and Ethology ZOO 160 Credit: 4 Course outcome : Comprehension of the biological properties of organisms based on evolutionary principles, their adaptive behaviours and survival strategies. Theory Unit 1 The theory of natural selection; modern synthesis. Industrial melanism in peppered moth; sickle cell trait and resistance to malaria; high-altitude adaptation in humans. Prebiotic soup theory and Miller’s experiment. Unit 2 RNA World hypothesis. Symbiogenesis ( Angomonas deanei, Mixotricha paradoxa ). Major hominin fossils. Mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosomal Adam: Out of Africa theory. Unit 3 Mimicry: aggressive, Batesian and Müllerian. Colouration: aposematism and camouflage. Types of behaviour – innate, imprinting, and learned (Pavlov’s conditioning). Altruism and reciprocal altruism. Unit 4 Infrasound; echolocation; dancing in bees. Evolutionary arms race. Hormonal control of behaviour – roles of melatonin, oxytocin, adrenaline and noradrenaline, and steroids. Hormonal basis of sex change. Suggested readings

  1. Futuyma, D. J. (2017). Evolution (4th^ edition). Sinauer Associates Inc.
  2. Hall, B. K., and Hallgrimsson, B. (2013). Strickberger’s Evolution (5th^ edition). Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
  3. Mathur, R., and Singh, S. P. (2008). Evolution and Behaviour. Rastogi Publications, Meerut, India.
  4. Mandal, F. K. (2012). Textbook of Animal Behaviour. PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi, India.
  5. Rubenstein, D. R., Alcock, J. (2018). Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach (11th edition). Sinauer Associates Inc_._

Chordate Biology and Wildlife ZOO 161 Credit: 4 Course outcome : Knowledge on the fundamental nature and diversity of life forms among the chordates, their unique behaviours and key biological issues. Theory Unit 1 Classification of Chordata up to classes with salient features. Protochordata: salient features and affinities; embryonic development of Branchiostoma ; larval development and metamorphosis in Herdmania. Unit 2 Types of scales in Pisces; sense organs in Scoliodon. Amphibia: Neoteny and paedogenesis; parental care_._ Snake venom, poison apparatus and biting mechanism. Unit 3 Structure, types and development of feathers in Columba livia ; principle and modes of flight. Bird migration – patterns and types. Reproductive system of rabbit. Unit 4 Threats to wildlife. Extinction – definition, causes, Lazarus taxa. IUCN Red List. Recent extinct animals: dodo, Tasmanian tiger, the great auk. The World Wide Fund for Nature: Development and roles. Suggested readings

  1. Jordan, E. L., and Verma, P. S. (2013). Chordate Zoology (14th^ edition). S. Chand and Company Ltd.
  2. Kent, G. C. (2018). Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates (9th^ edition). McGraw-Hill Education.
  3. Kotpal, R. L. (2019). Modern Textbook of Zoology: Vertebrates (12th^ edition). Rastogi Publications.
  4. Pough, F. H., and Janis, C. M. (2019). Vertebrate Life (10th^ Edition). Oxford University Press.
  5. Winter, M. (2016). Wildlife Biology. Syrawood Publishing House.

Anatomy ZOO20 1 Credit: 4 [Theory 3 + Practicum 1] Course outcome : Knowledge on the key structural features of animals underpinning the functional roles of various body parts. Theory Unit 1 Digestive system of Branchiostoma. Circulatory system of Herdmania. Respiratory system of pigeon. Internal ear of Scoliodon. Unit 2 Receptor organs. Structure and types of integuments in vertebrates. Structure and composition of cartilage, bone and ligaments. Unit 3 Rabbit – structure of brain; structure of eye; digestive system. Muscle – types and ultrastructures. Unit 4 Dentition in mammals – structure of teeth; types of teeth; dental formula; development. Heart – structure in mammals; modifications in vertebrates. Practicum

  1. Preparation of temporary mount and description of: a) filoplume, contour and down feathers b) scales (at least two) of fish
  2. Dissection/multimedia demonstration of respiratory organs of chicken.
  3. Dissection/multimedia demonstration of digestive organs of chicken/rat/mouse.
  4. Dissection/multimedia demonstration of flight muscles of chicken.
  5. Osteology of pigeon/chicken/rabbit/rat/mouse: a) Atlas, axis and sacral vertebrae; b) Limb bones; c) skull Mark distribution of practicum for end semester examination
    1. Experiment 25
    2. Slide preparation/spotting ( 2 slides/models) 20
    3. Laboratory record 10
    4. Viva voce 20 TOTAL 75 Suggested readings
  6. Jordan, E. L., and Verma, P. S. (2013). Chordate Zoology (14th^ edition). S. Chand and Company Ltd.
  7. Kardong, K. (2018). Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (8th^ edition). McGraw-Hill Education.
  8. Kent, G. C. (2018). Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates (9th^ edition). McGraw-Hill Education.
  9. Kotpal, R. L. (2019). Modern Textbook of Zoology: Vertebrates (12th^ edition). Rastogi Publications.
  10. Pough, F. H., and Janis, C. M. (2019). Vertebrate Life (10th^ Edition). Oxford University Press.

Genetics ZOO 260 Credit: 4 Course outcome : Develop insights into the principles of biological functions including the historical development and concepts of genetics, cellular processes and heritable diseases. Theory Unit 1 Mendelian inheritance; incomplete dominance; co-dominance. Cytoplasmic inheritance. Pleiotropism and allelism; epistasis; multiple alleles. Unit 2 Crossing over. Genetic recombination. Sex linkage and non-disjunction. Linkage maps. Chromosomal mutations. Unit 3 Sex determination: genotypic and environmental. Conjugation, transformation and transduction in bacteria. Transposons – types and effects. Unit 4 Concept of transgenesis. Stem cells. Pedigree analysis. Genetic disorders: Down, Klinefelter and Turner syndromes; haemophilia. Suggested readings

  1. Albert, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., and Walter, P. (2022). Molecular Biology of the Cell (7th^ edition). Garland Publishing, London.
  2. Gupta, P. K. (2017). Cell and Molecular Biology (5th^ edition). Rastogi Publications.
  3. Klug, W. S., Cummings, M. R., Spencer, C. A., Palladino, M., and Killian, D. (2019). Concepts of Genetics (11th^ edition). Pearson Education
  4. Krebs, J. E., Goldstein, E. S., and Kilpatrick, S. T. (2017). Lewin’s Genes XII. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
  5. Lodish, H., Berck, A., Kaiser, C. A., Krieger, M., Scott, M. P., Bretscher, A., Ploegh, H., and Matsudaira, P. (2016). Molecular Cell Biology (8th^ edition). W. H. Freeman.

Biochemistry ZOO 300 Credit: 4 [Theory 3 + Practicum 1] Course outcome : Comprehension of the biological activates in animals in terms of chemical processes and interactions. Theory Unit 1 Carbohydrates and lipids: classification and significance. Classification, structure and properties of proteins. Types and properties of vitamins. Unit 2 Types and properties of enzymes. Mechanism of enzyme action. Enzyme inhibition; Michaelis-Menten equation. Coenzymes. Ribozymes. Unit 3 Glycolysis: reactions and significance. Glycogenesis. Glycogenolysis. Gluconeogenesis. β-oxidation of fatty acids. Lipogenesis. Unit 4 Oxidative phosphorylation: tricarboxylic cycle; electron transport chain, ATP synthesis. Urea cycle. Ketogenesis. Practicum

  1. Estimation of proteins by biuret or Lowry’s method.
  2. Estimation of ascorbic acid from citrus fruit by titration.
  3. Detection of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (at least 2 tests each).
  4. Demonstration of salivary amylase activity, with effect of pH and temperature. Mark distribution of practicum for end semester examination
    1. Major experiment (1 or 2) 25
    2. Minor experiment (3 or 4) 20
    3. Laboratory record 10
    4. Viva voce 20 TOTAL 75 Suggested readings
  5. Berg, J. M., Stryer, L., and Tymoczko, J. L. (2019). Biochemistry (9th^ edition). W.H. Freeman & Company.
  6. Nelson, D. L., and Cox, M. (2017). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (7th^ edition). W.H. Freeman & Company.
  7. Rajtogi, S. C. (2019). Biochemistry (4th^ edition). New Age International Publishers.
  8. Satyanarayana, U. (2020). Biochemistry (5th^ edition). Elsevier.
  9. Voet, D., Voet, C., and Pratt, C. W. (2016). Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecular Level (5th^ edition). John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Embryology ZOO 301 Credit: 4 [Theory 3 + Practicum 1] Course outcome : Knowledge on the fundamental processes and roles of reproduction in animals, how the developmental stages are maintained and regulated. Theory Unit 1 Structure of spermatozoon and ovum. Gametogenesis: spermatogenesis and oogenesis; hormonal regulation of gametogenesis. Types of eggs and patterns of cleavage. Unit 2 Fertilization: external and internal. Process of fertilization and prevention of polyspermy. Blastulation and gastrulation in frog. Fate maps. Parthenogenesis. Unit 3 Types and functions of placenta in mammals. Extra-embryonic membranes in chick. Concept of organizer and induction. Regeneration in invertebrates and vertebrates. Unit 4 Amphibian metamorphosis and hormonal regulation. Functions of homeotic genes. Hox genes and their functions in Drosophila. Concepts and models of ageing. Practicum

  1. Study of cleavage, blastula and gastrula of frog from specimen/model.
  2. Study of different stages of development of chick embryo.
  3. Preparation of whole mount of chick embryo (any stage).
  4. Study of regeneration from slide/multimedia.
  5. Culture/study of life cycle of Drosophila. Mark distribution of practicum for end semester examination
    1. Experiment 25
    2. Slide preparation/spotting ( 2 slides/models) 20
    3. Laboratory record 10
    4. Viva voce 20 TOTAL 75 Suggested readings
  6. Barresi, M. J. F., and Gilbert, S. (2020). Developmental Biology (12th^ edition). Sinauer Associates, Inc.
  7. Sadler, S. L. (2019). Langman’s Medical Embryology (13th^ edition). Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd.
  8. Sastry, K. V., and Shukla, V. (2018). Developmental Biology (2nd^ edition). Rastogi Publications.
  9. Verma. P. S., and Agarwal, V. K. (2010). Chordate Embryology: Developmental Biology. S. Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi.
  10. Wolpert, L., Smith, J., Jessell, T., Lawrence, P., Roberson, E., and Meyerowitz, E. (2018). Principles of Development (5th^ edition). Oxford University Press.

Molecular Biology ZOO 360 Credit: 4 [Theory 3 + Practicum 1] Course outcome : Understanding the molecular components of cells, their organisations and functional roles, and how biomolecules maintain structural and functional integrity of cells. Theory Unit 1 Structure and types of DNA. Structure and types of RNA. Chromosomes: chromatin (euchromatin and heterochromatin). Higher order of chromosome organization – nucleosomes; special types of chromosomes (polytene and lampbrush chromosomes). Unit 2 DNA replication: Meselson and Stahl experiment; mechanism in prokaryotes. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene structure. Transcription in prokaryotes. Unit 3 Central dogma of molecular biology. Genetic code. Translation. Concept of operon: lac operon. Unit 4 Karyotype and karyotyping. Point mutation – spontaneous and induced. DNA damage and repair. Molecular concept of ageing. Practicum

  1. Study of chromosome structure and aberrations from permanent slides/models.
  2. Preparation/description of polytene chromosome from dipteran larvae.
  3. Preparation of sex chromatin.
  4. Quantitative estimation of DNA/RNA. Mark distribution of practicum for end semester examination
    1. Experiment 25
    2. Slide preparation/spotting ( 2 slides/models) 20
    3. Laboratory record 10
    4. Viva voce 20 TOTAL 75 Suggested readings
  5. Albert, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., and Walter, P. (2022). Molecular Biology of the Cell (7th^ edition). Garland Publishing, London.
  6. Gupta, P. K. (2017). Cell and Molecular Biology (5th^ edition). Rastogi Publications.
  7. Klug, W. S., Cummings, M. R., Spencer, C. A., Palladino, M., and Killian, D. (2019). Concepts of Genetics (11th^ edition). Pearson Education
  8. Krebs, J. E., Goldstein, E. S., and Kilpatrick, S. T. (2017). Lewin’s Genes XII. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
  9. Lodish, H., Berck, A., Kaiser, C. A., Krieger, M., Scott, M. P., Bretscher, A., Ploegh, H., and Matsudaira, P. (2016). Molecular Cell Biology (8th^ edition). W. H. Freeman.

Parasitology ZOO 361 Credit: 4 [Theory 3 + Practicum 1] Course outcome : Knowledge on the major types of parasites and how they affect the lives of other animals, with the origin of diseases that they cause. Theory Unit 1 Introduction to protozoology and parasitology. Life cycle and pathogenicity of Plasmodium falciparum. Structural variations in trypanosomatids. Life cycle and pathogenicity of Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania donovani. Unit 2 Life cycle and pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica. Structure, life cycle and pathogenicity of Trichomonas vaginalis. Structure, life cycle and pathogenicity of Giardia duodenalis. Unit 3 Human Taenia : general life cycle and pathogenicity. Parasitic adaptations in cestodes. Life cycle and pathogenicity of Fasciola hepatica. Structures and functions of miracidia and cercaria. Unit 4 Life cycle and pathogenicity of Schistosoma mansoni. Life cycle and pathogenicity of Ascaris lumbricoides. Morphology and sexual dimorphism in nematodes. Practicum

  1. Systematic study of common protozoans from permanent slides/models.
  2. Systematic study of important helminth parasites from specimens and permanent slides.
  3. Recovery, processing and identification of helminths from fowl intestine.
  4. Preparation and study of blood film. Mark distribution of practicum for end semester examination
    1. Experiment 25
    2. Slide preparation/spotting ( 2 slides/models) 20
    3. Laboratory record 10
    4. Viva voce 20 TOTAL 75 Suggested readings
  5. Apurba, S. S., and Bhat, S. (2020). Essentials of Medical Microbiology (3rd^ edition). Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
  6. Chatterjee, K. D. (2019). Parasitology Protozoology and Helminthology (13th^ edition). CBS Publishers & Distributors Private Limited.
  7. Cox, F. E. G. (1993). Modern Parasitology: A Textbook of Parasitology (2nd^ edition). Blackwell Science Ltd.
  8. Roberts, L. S., and Janovy, J. Jr. (2012). Foundations of Parasitology (9th^ edition). McGraw Hill.
  9. Suryawanshi, V. D., and Kharate, D. S. (2021). Advances in Parasitology Protozoology & Helminthology. OrangeBooks Publication.

Entomology ZOO 363 Credit: 4 [Theory 3 + Practicum 1] Course outcome : Knowledge on the biology and diversity of insects, their uniqueness among the life forms, and their influences on other animals. Theory Unit 1 Insecta: classification with general characters; methods of collection and preservation; Insect physiology: digestive, respiratory and reproductive organs; body wall and mouthparts; respiration. Unit 2 Social behaviour and caste system in insects; Insect hormones: types, biological effects and their applications. Hormonal regulation of metamorphosis. Unit 3 Economically important insects: honeybee, lac, silkworm. Medically important insect: Diptera (mosquitoes), Hemiptera (bed bugs), Phthiraptera (sucking lice), Siphonaptera (fleas), Acarina (mites, and ticks). Unit 4 Parasitic and predatory insects and their roles; control of insect pests (natural, chemical, biological and integrated methods). Biotechnology and insect pest management. Practicum

  1. Study of important insects from specimens/permanent slides/models.
  2. Study of insect endocrine glands from slide or models.
  3. Preparation of temporary mount of mouthparts of housefly/mosquito.
  4. Morphology and morphometry of mosquito.
  5. Identification of locally available insects, at least up to order. Mark distribution of practicum for end semester examination
    1. Experiment 25
    2. Slide preparation/spotting ( 2 slides/models) 20
    3. Laboratory record 10
    4. Viva voce 20 TOTAL 75 Suggested readings
  6. Chapman, R. F. (20 13 ). The Insects: Structure and Function (5th^ edition). Cambridge University Press.
  7. Service., M (2012). Medical Entomology for Students (5th^ edition). Cambridge University Press.
  8. Gillott, C. (20 18 ). Entomology (3rd^ edition). Springer.
  9. Gullan, P. J., Cranston, P. S., and Mcinnes, K. H. (2010). Insects: An Outline of Entomology (4th edition). Wiley-Blackwell.

5. Kotpal, R. L. (20 1 9). Modern Textbook of Zoology: Invertebrates (1 2 th^ edition). Rastogi

Publications.

Applied Zoology ZOO Credit: 4 Course outcome : Information on the basics of zoology for the welfare of human lives, the uses and roles of animals for the sustenance of other organisms. Theory Unit 1 Apiculture: Types of bees, structure and composition of hive, rearing method and economic importance. Sericulture: culturable silkworms, rearing method and economic importance. Unit 2 Types of pesticides; pest control (natural, chemical and biological controls); integrated pest management. Vermicomposting: vermicomposting species; methods. Unit 3 Fish farm: structure; maintenance of ponds. Integrated fish farming. Breeding in fishes – natural and induced breeding; ecological and hormonal influence on maturation and spawning. Important cultivable fishes. Unit 4 Population: characteristics, dynamics; species richness and diversity; Sorensen’s and Shannon-Weaver model. Wildlife: management and conservations; remote sensing; human-animal conflicts. Suggested readings

  1. Jhingran, V. G. (2002). Fish and Fisheries of India. Hindustan Publishing Corporation, Delhi, India.
  2. Kumar, A., Desmukh, N. Z., Kumar, D., and Goswami, R. (2020). Applied and Economic Zoology. Daya Publishing House.
  3. Mathur, R. (2019). Wildlife Conservation and Management. Rastogi Publications, Meerut, India.
  4. Upadhyay, V. B., Shukla, G. S. (2014). Applied and Economic Zoology. Rastogi Publications, Meerut, India.
  5. Winter, M. (2016). Wildlife Biology. Syrawood Publishing House.