Biomedical Terminology: Digestive System Anatomy, Exams of Communication

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Biomedical Terminology

Digestive System Anatomy

Digestive Tract

(aka Alimentary Canal or GI Tract)

• Pharynx
  • Consists or
    • Nasopharynx
    • Oropharynx
    • Laryngopharynx

Digestive Tract

(aka Alimentary Canal or GI Tract)

• Barett’s Esophagus
  • Lining of the esophagus is damaged by stomach acid and changed to a lining similar to that of the stomach
  • Increases the risk for esophageal cancer
  • An endoscopic tests such as an esophagoscopy might be performed. A common endoscopic test that looks further into the digestive tract is a EGD (Esophagogastroduodenooscopy)

Digestive Tract

(aka Alimentary Canal or GI Tract)

Digestive Tract

(aka Alimentary Canal or GI Tract)

• Stomach (gastr/o)
  • Mixes and stores food. It secretes chemicals for digestion and hormones for local communication control
  • Consists of four regions
    • Cardia
    • Fundus
    • Body
    • Pylorus
      • Consists of » Atrum – portion of pylorus which connects to body of stomach » Pyloric valve (sphincter)

Digestive Tract

(aka Alimentary Canal or GI Tract)

• Small Intestines (enter/o)
  • 20 foot canal extending from the pyloric valve to the large intestine
  • Consists of three parts
    • Duodenum (duoden/o)
    • Jejunum (jejun/o)
    • Ileum (ile/o)
      • Connects with the first part of the large intestine (cecum) at the ileocecal valve

Duodenum

Digestive Tract

(aka Alimentary Canal or GI Tract)

• The large intestine

(often referred to as

the colon – col/o)

consists of the

• Cecum (cec/o)
• Ascending colon
• Transverse colon
• Descending colon
• Sigmoid colon (sigmoid/o)
• Rectum (proct/o, rect/o)

Digestive Tract

(aka Alimentary Canal or GI Tract)

• Diverticulosis and diverticulitis are both common conditions which affect the colon, especially the sigmoid colon
• Diverticulitis is small, bulging sacs or pouches of the inner lining of the intestine (diverticulosis) that become inflamed or infected - Diverticul/o – diverticulum, or blind pouch, extending from a hollow organ

Accessory Organs

• Gallstones can form in the gallbladder (cholelithiasis), this can lead to cholecystits - If the get ejected from the gallbladder and lodge in the common bile duct the condition would be called choledocholithiasis - If they prevent pancreatic enzymes from entering the duodenum, these can backflow and start digesting the pancreas, causing pancreatitis

Digestive System

Information Relevant to the Test