Digestive System: Anatomy and Physiology, Schemes and Mind Maps of Human Biology

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Digestive System

A&P

DHO 7.

Digestive System

AKA gastrointestinal system or GI

system

 Function =responsible for the physical

& chemical breakdown of food

(digestion) so it can be taken into

bloodstream & be used by body cells &

tissues (absorption)

 Structures =divided into alimentary

canal & accessory organs

1. Mouth  Mouth= buccal cavity  Where food enters body, is tasted, broken down physically by teeth, lubricated & partially digested by saliva, & swallowed  Teeth =structures that physically break down food by chewing & grinding in a process called mastication

1. Mouth  Hard palate =bony structure, forms roof of mouth, separates mouth from nasal cavities  Soft palate =behind hard palate; separates mouth from nasopharynx  Uvula =cone-shaped muscular structure, hangs from middle of soft palate; prevents food from entering nasopharynx during swallowing

2. Pharynx  Bolus =chewed food mixed with saliva  Pharynx =throat; tube that carries air & food  Air goes to trachea; food goes to esophagus  When bolus is swallowed, epiglottis covers larynx which stops bolus from entering respiratory tract and makes it go into esophagus

3. Esophagus  Esophagus =muscular tube dorsal to trachea  Receives bolus from pharynx & carries it to stomach  Uses peristalsis (rhythmic, wavelike, involuntary muscular movement) to move food in a forward direction

Test your Knowledge

 What is the digestive system? A)The body’s breathing system B) The body’s system of nerves C) The body’s food-processing system D)The body’s blood transporting system And the answer is….C

Test your Knowledge

 The main functions of the GI system are A) ingestion and digestion B) propulsion and secretion C) absorption and elimination D) digestion and absorption And the answer is….D

Test your Knowledge

 Label each statement as true or false:

1. The tongue aids in the digestion of the food.
2. The saliva changes some of the carbs/starches into sugar.
3. Digestion begins in the mouth. The answer is…they are ALL TRUE

Test your Knowledge

 Digestive functions of the tongue include: A)manipulating and mixing ingested materials during chewing B) helping compress partially digested food to form a bolus C) assisting in the swallowing process D) all of the above And the answer is…D