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BIOS251 SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE SOLVED
CONTENT
◉The study of human function. Answer: Physiology ◉A tendency for organisms to maintain a balanced or constant internal state. Answer: Homeostasis ◉A state of balance. Answer: Equilibrium ◉Consequences of homeostatic imbalance. Answer: Illness or death ◉Thermoregulation Process. Answer: ◉A feedback loop in which a system responds to a change by reversing that change, or by decreasing the rate at which the change is occurring. (Ex. thermoregulation). Answer: Negative Feedback Loop
◉A feedback loop in which a system responds to a change by amplifying that change. (Ex. childbirth). Answer: Positive Feedback Loop ◉Changes, occurring within or outside the body, that affect homeostasis. Answer: Stimuli ◉Detects and sends messages to the control center. Answer: Receptors ◉Processes the signal, alerts the effector about the detected change, and gives instructions. Answer: Control Center ◉An organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus; handles the issue. Answer: Effector ◉Divides a human body into anterior and posterior sections. Answer: Frontal Plane or Coronal Plane ◉Divides the human body into equal left and right sections. Answer: Midsagittal Plane ◉Divides the human body in half, creating two sections; top and bottom. Answer: Transverse or Horizontal Plane
◉Between two structures. Answer: Intermediate ◉On the same side of the body as another structure. Answer: Ipsilateral ◉On the opposite side of the body as another structure. Answer: Contralateral ◉Towards the surface of the body. Answer: Superficial ◉Away from the surface of the body. Answer: Deep ◉Simplest to most complex organisms. Answer: Atoms Molecules Macromolecules Organelles Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organisms
◉Cavity that contains the brain. Answer: Cranial Cavity ◉Cavity that contains the spinal cord and nerves. Answer: Vertebral Canal ◉Contains the heart and lungs. Answer: Thoracic Cavity (aka. Chest Cavity) ◉Space that contains just the lungs. Answer: Pleural Cavity ◉Space that contains just the heart. Answer: Pericardial Cavity ◉Houses the lungs, heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels. Answer: Mediastinum ◉Contains both the abdominal and pelvic cavities. Answer: Abdominopelvic Cavity ◉Contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine and most of the large intestine. Answer: Abdominal cavity ◉The space formed by the hip bones and contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems.
◉Classification of organs that are not surrounded by the peritoneum but rather behind it. Answer: Retroperitoneal ◉Contains the liver, gallbladder, portion of the stomach, right kidney, portion of the pancreas, right adrenal gland, and portions of the small and large intestines. Answer: Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) ◉Contains the stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, the left adrenal gland, and portions of the small and large intestines. Answer: Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) ◉Contains the appendix, portions of reproductive organs, right ureter, and portions of the small and large intestines. Answer: Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) ◉Contains portions of reproductive organs, left ureter, and portions of the small and large intestines. Answer: Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) ◉Function of Enzymes. Answer: Speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy ◉Function of Lipids. Answer: Long term energy storage, reserved energy, cell membrane
◉Subatomic particles. Answer: protons, neutrons, electrons ◉Number of protons in an atom. Answer: Same as the atomic number ◉A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of alpha glucose.. Answer: Starch ◉Polysaccharide consisting of beta glucose monomers that reinforces plant-cell walls. Answer: Cellulose ◉A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds to create protein. Answer: Polypeptide ◉Compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end; building block for protein. Answer: Amino Acid ◉Ethanol. Answer: C2H5OH ◉Ethyl Ether. Answer:
