BIOS251 STUDY GUIDE 2026 DETAILED SOLUTION DIGEST, Exams of Animal Anatomy and Physiology

BIOS251 STUDY GUIDE 2026 DETAILED SOLUTION DIGEST

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 05/26/2026

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BIOS251 STUDY GUIDE 2026 DETAILED
SOLUTION DIGEST
◉Fluid outside cells; sometimes called tissue fluid, and includes
plasma . Answer: Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
◉Glands that secrete substances outward through a duct . Answer:
Exocrine Glands
◉Glands that produce sweat; found over most of the body. Found in
the dermis; sometimes hypodermis. . Answer: Eccrine Glands or
Merocrine Glands
◉Sweat glands in the pubic and underarm areas that secrete thicker
sweat, that produce odor when come in contact with bacteria on the
skin . Answer: Apocrine Glands
◉Ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into
the blood.
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BIOS251 STUDY GUIDE 2026 DETAILED

SOLUTION DIGEST

◉Fluid outside cells; sometimes called tissue fluid, and includes plasma. Answer: Extracellular Fluid (ECF) ◉Glands that secrete substances outward through a duct. Answer: Exocrine Glands ◉Glands that produce sweat; found over most of the body. Found in the dermis; sometimes hypodermis.. Answer: Eccrine Glands or Merocrine Glands ◉Sweat glands in the pubic and underarm areas that secrete thicker sweat, that produce odor when come in contact with bacteria on the skin. Answer: Apocrine Glands ◉Ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the blood.

For example: thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands. Answer: Endocrine Glands ◉Exocrine glands whose secretions are made up of disintegrated cells. For example: oil glands of scalp and skin, and glands of eyelids. Answer: Holocrine Glands ◉Sheets of tightly packed cells that covers body surfaces, lines body cavities, and forms glands. Answer: Epithelial Tissue ◉- Single layer of flattened cells

  • Permits rapid diffusion or transport of substances
  • Secretes serous fluid
  • Locations: alveoli, glomeruli, endothelium, and serosa. Answer: Simple Squamous Epithelium ◉- Single layer of square or round cells
  • Responsible for Absorption and secretion, mucus production and movement
  • Locations: liver, thyroid, mammary and salivary glands, bronchioles, and kidney tubules. Answer: Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

◉- Same as keratinized epithelium without surface layer of dead cells

  • Resists abrasion and penetration of pathogens
  • Locations: tongue, oral mucosa, esophagus, and vagina. Answer: Non-keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◉- Two or more cell layers; surface cells square or round
  • Secretes sweat; produces sperm, produces ovarian hormones
  • Locations: sweat gland ducts; ovarian follicles and seminiferous tubules. Answer: Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium ◉- Column-shaped cells arranged in multiple layers.
  • Found in the conjunctiva, pharynx, anus, and male urethra.. Answer: Stratified Columnar Epithelium ◉- Multilayered epithelium with surface cells that change from round to flat when stretched
  • Allows for filling of urinary tract
  • Locations: ureter and bladder. Answer: Urothelium (Transitional) ◉A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts. Answer: Connective Tissue

◉- Loosely organized fibers, abundant blood vessels

  • Underlies epithelia, in serous membranes, between muscles, passageways for nerves and blood vessels. Answer: Areolar Connective Tissue ◉- Empty-looking cells with thin margins; nucleus pressed against cell membrane•Energy storage, insulation, cushioning
  • Subcutaneous fat and organ packing
  • Brown fat of juveniles produces heat. Answer: Adipose Connective Tissue ◉- Densely packed, parallel collagen fibers•Compressed fibroblast nuclei
  • Elastic tissue forms wavy sheets in some locations
  • Tendons attach muscles to bones and ligaments hold bones together. Answer: Dense Regular Connective Tissue ◉- Densely packed, randomly arranged, collagen fibers and few visible cells
  • Withstands unpredictable stresses
  • Locations: deeper layer of skin; capsules around organs. Answer: Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
  • Involuntary
  • Found only in the heart. Answer: Cardiac Muscle