BIOTECHNOLOGY:
It is the exploitation of living organisms for the benefit of human beings.
Biotechnology has 3 types:
Farming using tissue culture technique
Fermentation of alcohol and yogurt
Pickling
Mainly bacteria is used in the process of genetic engineering because they can be cultured to
make colonies and grow rapidly. It is also used because of the presence of plasmids.
The most used tool in Biotechnology is Yeast is unicellular.
TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUE:
In this process, the Meristematic tissue of a plant or also called the Cambium tissue of the
plant is transferred into an artificial environment and given the main requirements:
Water
Nutrients
Minerals
Suitable temperature
Here they continue to grow and function and soon a seedus emerges and then after some time it
is planted in the real environment where it grows into a proper plant.
FERMENTATION:
It is the process in which organisms convert starch or sugar into alcohol by anaerobically
releasing energy.
FERMENTATION OF BREAD:
Firstly Maize is treated by Amylase and converted to starch.
Then starch is treated with Amylase to convert it into Maltose.
Then Maltase converts Maltose to Glucose.
Then Yeast is added in the Glucose which respires anaerobically producing ethanol and
CO2 (trapped in bubbles) that help the dough to rise.
In the process of baking the yeast is killed and the ethanol evaporates
