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A study guide or exam preparation material for a biotechnology laboratory course. It covers key concepts and differences between transcription and translation, the components of dna and rna, and techniques like dna extraction and gel electrophoresis. Answers to several questions, suggesting it is intended to help students review and understand the core topics in a biotechnology lab setting. The level of detail and the focus on practical applications indicate this document could be useful for university-level students enrolled in a biotechnology or molecular biology program.
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Differentiate between transcription and translation. - Answer -Transcription basically refers to the synthesis of mRNA from DNA with the help of the enzyme RNA polymerase. Translation refers to the conversion of mRNA to a specific amino acid chain(polypeptide). Transcription occurs in the nucleus Translation occurs in the ribosomes Transcription requires RNA polymerase Translation uses various reagents to create a polypeptide chain Similarities: Both have Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine and Uracil as their nucleotides Needs a Template What does A, G, T, C stand for? - Answer -A= Adenine
G= Guanine T= Thymine C= Cytosine Differentiate between sugars and nitrogenous bases used in DNA and RNA. - Answer -RNA- Sugary is Ribose; Nitrogenous base, Adenine, URASIL, Guanine, Cytosine Exists in SINGLE STRAND Content A and U, G and C Equal DNA- Sugar is Deoxyribose Nitrogenous base, Adenine, THYAMINE, Guanine, Cytosine Exists in DOUBLE HELIX Content A and T, as well as G and C are Equal Why is soap and ice cold ethanol used in the DNA extraction procedure? - Answer -After the cell walls have been disrupted during mechanical mashing of the fruit, the soap disrupts the cell and nuclear membranes of each cell to release the DNA. It does this by dissolving lipids and proteins that hold the membranes together. The colder the ethanol is the greater the amount of DNA that is precipitated. What does the precipated DNA look like in a tube? - Answer -SEE BACK PAGE- DNA will float to top above alcohol white cloudy substance Which size of DNA fragments will move fastest in gel electrophoresis? - Answer -smaller fragments (they move faster)